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It is the story of wholeheartedly, naughty redhead Dads Mezzanine who lives in a titular academy with tenderfoot other boys – whose names begin with the letter A. Mr. Sleeks takes care of them with MattheWs, a starling who can pronounce only words' endings and who was once a boy. But The Sleeks' Academy is not a typical school – Mr.. Sleeks can interprets dreams, and his students throw ink during lessons as well as talk to heroes of other fairytale. The second book that I want to compare is a series of â€Å"Harry Potter† novels written by the British novelist J. K. Rolling in 1997.Her books about Harry Potter are still a age phenomenon not only in the Great Britain but also around the world. It is about a young boy (Harry Potter) and his adventures during his presence at the Hogwash's School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. In school he goes on many adventures with his friends: Ron and Hermann. Many people in Poland who read both books are saying that the plot is alm ost the same. The similarities between â€Å"Harry PoetIn this essay will try to compare these kooks and to find out whether it's a plagiary or just a result of happenstance. In both books main heroes, Adam and Harry, suddenly go to the Academy of Magic. Both schools are run by the elderly men who have long, grey hair and distinctive glasses. Both directors love children and they really love teaching. Tumbledown and Mr. Sleeks are famous for their unusual actions. Moreover, Harry and Adam are at the same age, they learn in a magic academy, know the magic tricks, they can fly and they have identical professors. Furthermore, areas of the universities where they are learning are magical places.On the there hand these books have also many significant differences. Before Adam went to Academy Of Mr.. Sleeks he was living with his parents whereas Harry lost his parents when he was a baby. Henceforth, he was living with his aunt Petunia, uncle Vernon and their son Dudley. On his eleventh b irthday, Harry found out that he is a wizard and he will go to Hogwash's. Adam got into Academy of Mr.. Sleeks in slightly different circumstances. Before he joined the academy he was always late for school, obviously he never had his homework done, he was also all fingers and thumbs. That was the main reason why his parents sent him to the Academy of Mr..

How Did the Events of the Indian Mutiny Change?

The events of the Indian mutiny; in particular the Enfield rifle cartridges, the murder of Christians, the shootings in Cawnpore and the massacre in Lucknow, vastly changed the presence of British in India. The British realised that they could not run a country through a company with no acknowledgement and respect for culture. After the mutiny, the East India Company no longer ruled India – The queen did. The British prime minister chose a secretary of state for India. This change gave the people of India someone to look up to and respect rather than a company ruling and making decisions for their own financial gain.Towns and cities were ‘littered with her statues'. The legislative council also included some Indian representation, signifying the start of participation of Indian people in British Government. This meant that the Indians felt as though they had a say in the running of their country. The end of the mutiny also indicated the beginning of a new attitude toward s Indian culture where the British no longer interfered. In particular, the British no longer attempted to stop the traditional practices and laws surrounding widows. The British also came to respect Indian princes and other respected people in positions of authority over others.This was shown through their participation in the Legislative council. The British felt that Princes and landowners had a crucial role in maintaining positive relationships between themselves and Indian peasantry, so they were guaranteed property and some were given rewards for their loyalty. However, the fading relationship between the working peasants and their landowners, meant that the policy was not as successful as expected, in a long term view. The continued superior attitude of the British meant that the still viewed the Indians as a substandard people.They believed that they ‘didn't know a good thing when they saw it'. The British continued to have complete financial and political control. Alt hough more attainable, still enforced a uniformed revenue tax of 10% and introduced paper currency through the country. This then ended majority of barter trade. The British presence in India changed immensely after the mutiny. It changed on many levels affecting the people in social, cultural, financial, political and occupational aspects of their lives due to the changing nature of the company.

Problems In Policy Implementation Policy And Education Education Essay

In a turning economic system like UAE, there is a critical demand for legion Numberss of policies to modulate this growing and header with it. The direct consequence of this growing is increase in the figure of exiles compared to subjects ; those exiles are from diverse cultural backgrounds that have their impact on the educational system in UAE and the addition in demand for new educational policies to cover the job of cultural diversenesss in schools. Education policy refers to the aggregation of Torahs, regulations, and ordinances that run the operation of instruction systems. Education occurs in many signifiers for many intents through many establishments ( early childhood instruction, kindergarten through to 12th class, two and four twelvemonth colleges or universities, alumnus and professional instruction, grownup instruction and occupation preparation ) . Education policy can straight impact the instruction people engage in at all ages, it includes school size, category size, school pick, school denationalization, tracking, teacher instruction and enfranchisement, teacher wage, learning methods, curricular content, diverseness in category, graduation demands, school substructure investing, values that schools are expected to continue and pattern, globalisation challenges. The ends of new educational policies are to supply all kids with an equal educational chance under the increasing force per unit area of diversenesss within schoolrooms. The ideal policy in general must include the â€Å" duty are required alterations in our methods of thought and nearing instruction in such a manner that all people are respected. More intercultural apprehension and an consciousness of societal and planetary cognition will necessitate to be actively incorporated into our educational course of studies. Not merely is cognition of other civilizations required but besides originative and critical thought will be developed to make new policies affecting equalities in multicultural instruction † ( Bennett, 2010 ) . In UAE, we ca n't state that there is one individual policy to cover with the job of increasing in diversenesss at schools in UAE, and each school has its ain policy to cover with this job.The demand for policyTharp ( 1994 ) states that â€Å" The increa sing diverseness of cultural and cultural groups in schools has led to a parallel addition in concern for the deductions of this demographic displacement for instruction † .Most of the schools in UAE are concentrating on civilization in their policies ; they are discoursing how to make suited educational civilization in the schoolrooms and friendly atmosphere outside the schoolrooms to increase degrees of interactions between the pupils. Cultural diverseness is considered a major concern for many schools and it differs from school to another based on the types of pupils they have, and from what cultural backgrounds they come. Cultural diverseness and Multicultural instruction is an thought, an attack to school reform, and a motion for equity between pupils, societal justness, and diverse cultural acknowledgment that is needed in order to accommodate with the globalisation motion. Specialists within diverse cultural instruction stress different constituents and cultural groups. However, a important grade of consensus exists within the field sing its major rules, constructs, and ends. A major end of multicultural instruction is to reconstitute schools so that all pupils get the cognition, attitudes, and accomplishments needed to map in an ethnically and racially diverse state and universe ( Multicultural Education, 2010 ) . Good and idealistic policy will increase the focal point on cultural diverseness will assist schools in keeping educational equity for members of diverse racial, cultural, cultural, and socioeconomic groups, and to ease their engagement as critical and brooding citizens in an inclusive national civic civilization, but is there an being of such policies at schools in UAE? The consciousness of cultural diverseness construct in instruction attempts to supply pupils with educational experiences that enable them to keep committednesss to their community civilizations every bit good as get the cognition, accomplishments, and cultural capital needed to map in the national civic civilization and community.Policies at private schools in DubaiThere are many policies related to cultural diversenesss at private schools in Dubai, but the focal point will be on the policy at DIS that is covering with the issue of cultural diverseness in and outside the schoolrooms. â€Å" Social development culminates in its enlargement to a planetary magnitude, where pupils place themselves and their civilization in an international position, understands and accepts cultural particulars and differences, and presume the person and national duties towards international cooperation † ( DIS, 2010 ) . This citation is an illustration of how private schools in Dubai are mentioning to cultural consciousness in their policies, but inquiries on the factors interfering in policy formation, like regulations and believes of the environing environment, execution and the relevant instruments lift instantly into treatment. This citation is the policy of how to cover with cultural diverseness at DIS, but it is considered short to show everything related to its values, excessively general, it lacks of execution techniques, and it is considered inexplicit. Who put the policy and who will implement it, are considered major issue for the success of the policy ; I will stand for a sample of Institutional position on educational policy and pattern ( figure 1, Scott and Meyer 1994 ) , and what are the major parties involved is any policy from scenes, execution, monitoring and responsible for giving feedback. Institutional theory offers a more nuanced lens for analyzing the organisational and institutional conditions that mediate these reforms, and how they do or make non do their ways into schoolrooms. Namely, as represented in Figure 1, institutional theory draws attending to the broader cultural forces that help specify the major parties involved in every policy ( Patricia Burch, 2007 ) . The major concern here is that the schools whi ch refer to cultural diverseness and consciousness in their policies are non cognizant of it, and if they are cognizant ; there is no clear methods of executions and measuring. Each policy is affected by the milieus ( stakeholders ) , that may interfere straight or indirectly in puting the policy, schools in Dubai are confronting a job of cultural diverseness, but what are the solutions of traveling over this job. Mentioning it in the policy is a portion and resolution is another portion ( words vs. action ) , and it is allowed for individual school to take it ain action in work outing the job without governmental intervention. The policy is set by people in charge who may interact by either affecting others in implementing it, or force others to implement it. Those people in charge are responsible for any alteration in the policy. Figure 1How does the Policy position Culture?â€Å" You can experience it within proceedingss of come ining a school: the behaviour of the pupils, the attitude of the instructors, the attention for the physical works, the artefacts of find, acquisition, wonder, community, look and thinking that adorn the walls of the topographic point, it is obvious that this is a topographic point where immature people and instructors learn † ( Bill Schubart 2010 ) . Good policy must include the features of good and learning civilization that is cognizant to pupils from diverse civilization and give them equal opportunities of acquisition, and increase their sense of consciousness towards each others. â€Å" Good educational and learning civilization is non driven by high belongings revenue enhancements, intensifying school budgets, federal or province statute law, national testing, good edifices, nice categories or instructors ‘ brotherhoods. It is a sculptural behaviour set by leadin g in the school, followed by a critical mass of the instruction organic structure, all of whom are accountable for the civilization and spread it by their ain illustration and experience, their committedness to a community of acquisition, taking cultural diversenesss and barriers between pupils, their regard for one another and for their pupils † ( Schubart, 2008 ) .What is the instructor ‘s function in implementing and following the policy?The diverseness in classrooms nowadayss alone chances and important challenges for learning. Students in UAE schools are with a broad assortment of accomplishments, abilities, and involvements and with changing potencies in assorted countries. The wider the fluctuation of the pupil population in each schoolroom, the more complex the instructor ‘s function becomes in, instruction, forming, actuating and commanding pupils to guarantee that each pupil has entree to high-quality acquisition. The ultimate end of any instructor is to happen suited attack to every pupil in the schoolroom, and seek to actuate him in a manner to acquire the best from him. To make that end, instructors need aid, preparation and good designed course of study that must suit the demands of all pupils. Many schools have prepared their instructors to cover with diverseness instances in their schoolrooms and leave it for the instructor to measure the state of affairs and happen the suited solution to extinguish those diversenesss in order to acquire the best from pupils, and increase their sense of belonging. The policy at DIS does n't advert any point related to the instructor function in the execution of the policy, how it will be applied, what other parties to be involved ( supervisors and parents ) , and the alterations in course of studies to ease the execution procedure. This inexplicit policy is considered excessively short to discourse every individual facet related to the job and set force per unit area on instructors to calculat e out personal solutions to cover with diversenesss in their schoolrooms. Those solutions are non standard ; they vary from instructor to teacher and from category to category. Good policy does n't give border for such fluctuations ; it must hold clear values, good articulated, the action required from this policy must be stated, and the methods of execution must has to included in the policy.Where are the mistakes of execution? ( Implementation Gap )The policies in general are clear, written in a good professional linguistic communication, and they are considered portion of school ‘s mission. The jobs are non in the policy or its values merely, but in the execution of those policies, and the deficiency of communicating between assorted parts responsible for using the policy. There could be implementation spread as a consequence of many factors, which could originate from the policy itself, the policy shaper, or the environment in which the policy has been made. Implementation spread can originate from the policy itself when such a policy emanates from authorities instead than from the mark groups. â€Å" By this, it means that be aftering is top-down. And, by deduction, the mark donees are non allowed to lend to the preparation of the policies that affect their lives, the mark groups could be the instructors, pupils, and households † ( Makinde, 2005 ) . Another cause of execution spread is the failure of the policy shapers to take into consideration the societal, political, economic and administrative variables when analysing for policy preparation, as I referred in the beginning of this paper there is spread between private and public schools constabularies refering cultural policies, public schools that are merely attained by subjects with incorporate course of study all over the state, put less force per unit areas on those schools to recognize cultural diversenesss between their pupils.DecisionSchools in UAE are considered runing pot of pupil s from diverse cultural backgrounds that need a suited constabularies to accomplish equal educational chances that will assist them to recognize other civilizations, and increase pupils ‘ openness to diverse civilizations. Polices entirely without the suited instruments of execution is considered useless, good execution is considered cardinal success for any policy that put policy in action. Considering targeted group in puting the policy and affecting them will increase its credibleness and do the nidation easier to a certain extent. The policies must be clear, written in a good professional linguistic communication, and they are considered portion of school ‘s mission. The jobs are non in the policy or its values merely, but in the preparation and execution of those policies, and the deficiency of communicating between assorted parts responsible for implementing the policy.

Why Are Cosmetics So Attractive to Adolescent Girls Speech or Presentation

Why Are Cosmetics So Attractive to Adolescent Girls - Speech or Presentation Example I feel that my aims and objectives were simple but relevant. Young girls’ self-esteem usually plummets as they reach adolescence because it is the time when they are developing their own identities. The research question opens up to a world of possibilities in terms of topics to discuss in the literature. The literature review provided much information about the topic at hand and more. It is comprehensive enough to cover the history of cosmetics, societal influence on women to look good, the beauty myth propagated by media and other media influences, adolescence and some theories that relate to the building of their self-esteem.   All these come together to explain some possible answers to the research question for this study. The use of questionnaires and focus group discussion will allow me to delve deeper into the issue with actual adolescent girls aged 13 to 17. I will get the opportunity to hear their insights first-hand as they discuss within a group the following questions: - Do you use cosmetics? If yes, which ones? - - How often do you use cosmetics? - Why do you use cosmetics? - How do you feel when you use cosmetics? - Do you use cosmetics with your friends? - How do you think people see you when you use cosmetics? - What do you think you can get out of using cosmetics? Right now, it seems so easy because I am only visualizing it, but I am sure that there will be several challenges along the way such as seeking the necessary permissions to conduct the study or dealing with uncooperative participants. In terms of preparation, I guess I failed to anticipate what I would feel in front of an audience. My stage fright was terrible but it was good that I had a small audience of people I knew. It was also great that they were so supportive. I think it is because they can relate to my situation because each of us had our turn presenting. I need to learn to be more confident in speaking. I know being prepared with my talk is a must, but I should learn to loosen up and be more candid, be open to whatever possibilities that may arise during my presentation.

Does Welfare Reform in New York City Work Essay

Does Welfare Reform in New York City Work - Essay Example It stretched from accommodating few natives to a large influx of immigrants from Latin America and other parts of the world. The city had not come up with a long term strategy to include all these new members. So the welfare system was overburdened and after some years (forty years), it started becoming inefficient. In the nineties, employees working for the welfare system in the City felt unsafe and started reinforcing their offices to protect themselves. Clients on welfare had to waste most of their day waiting for welfare workers who could not even deliver upon meeting the clients. Client files started getting lost; welfare workers did not complete cases and kept jumping from client to client so there was no case of continuity. This made most clients angry and they vented out their frustrations on social workers forcing security guards to intervene. This meant that people on welfare could not make time for other productive activities because they spent most of their time trying to chase for benefits and looking for child care. 'Mass confusion' are the perhaps the most appropriate words to use when describing the city's welfare prior to 1995. The New York welfare system underwent a rapid change between 1995 and 2001 or we could say that reforms were introduced. These reforms occurred during Rudolph Giuliani's term as New York mayor. Some of the changes that the welfare system saw were the decline in number of people on welfare; from one point one million to about six hundred. The welfare system's method of approach also changed. Instead of giving checks to clients, they were given jobs; it became employment based instead of issuing handouts. However, there is another side to this reform. Jobs were not just dished out from all directions. Welfare clients had to prove that they were compliant. This implied that the so called 'difficult clients' were not considered this included drug addicts and the like. Besides, this there were problems in system management and all these will be looked at in the subsequent sections in detail. Welfare reforms were not 'the knight on a white horse' for the residents of the City of New York. (Mead, 1992) 2.0 Literature review There are a number of changes that were observed during Giuliani's regime. There is no doubt that the general approach was work oriented. From the 1995 to 1999, most of the policies imposed sanctions and mainly dealt with work requirements. Clients were required to meet a certain criteria and if they were did not comply, then they were met by sanctions. During this time, New York saw the rejection of about a large number of adults. Cases of sanctioning increased from eight percent to fourteen percent. Besides these, the system was characterized by compulsory workfare jobs. This implied that there were a number of adults that were involved in work experience program jobs. These were more of assignments than actual jobs. However in the last years of Giuliani's regime (99-01) emphasis on workfare started diminishing and some emphasis was now being placed on training for jobs. This involved the three plus two model. Welfare adults were required to attend three days of workfare and they were also supposed to dedicate the remaining two days of the week to a training program such as education or job readiness service. There were also a number of programs that focused on special groups.

Roman Masculinities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Roman Masculinities - Essay Example the present days, during times of peace, war and truce negotiations which depict the manpower, management, money value, machinery strength (the intellectual property of the states powerfulness and ability to create creatively) as well as the manufacturing process of the elite-stature of the belonging-to state "nor must we forget the examples nor separate from these examples the memory of M. Marcellus. Such vigor of courage was in him that by the Po he with a few horsemen attacked the king of the Gaul, who was surrounded by an enormous host, and straightway slew him, stripped him of his arms, and dedicated them to Jupiter Feretrius." [1] a roman soldier – as with all the armies in world- is the honorary representative of the strength and decisiveness of the state in the war affairs among nations. He is the determiner of the strength of power as well as the education that has been bestowed upon him by the civility of the state he belongs to, as opposed to the Phoenicians, Hellen ics, Spartans and the Greek, in the race to define the meaning of "heritage" versus the declining of nations in their due times to be writ down in the pages of history honorably as well as worthily under the nations name; "Roma" in this case. The Roman Empire has been depicted in movies to be the "sole conqueror of the ancient world, defying the fate of degenerating states and the superior hand over the weaker states destinies. In battle, the strength of the roman soldier was the smallest moving wheel that instituted the armor of the armys artillery force. Strength of body as well as that of personality, pierced through the minds of nations when introducing oneself to another during war, the natural defense line for fearlessness against that of opposition in a battlefield for land conquest. Empires built their reputations in accordance to physical strength as well as educational / scholarly refinement, so as to fix the mind of the nation itself upon that of the enemys as not a brutal,

How is the analysis of a drama's plot, character, and theme different Assignment

How is the analysis of a drama's plot, character, and theme different from that of a novel, or a short story - Assignment Example Differentiating the analysis of the aforementioned literary works probably would lie on the approach of an individual to how one understands the story. In a novel or short story, the events are told in a conversational way so that the incidents are almost completely interpreted as to how he would have wanted it to be. In addition, descriptions of events and characters as well as their feelings make the analysis of a novel or short story easier. In drama however, since the unfolding of the story is seen in the conversations of the characters and lacks the author’s explanation of their feelings, the interpretation relies more on the analysis of the conversations and the very words used. Also, as drama is made to be seen and heard like movies or plays, its analysis also involves the facial expressions, volume and tone of voices of the characters.

The Social Dimension of the European Union is Weak in Comparison to Essay

The Social Dimension of the European Union is Weak in Comparison to Market Oriented Policies - Essay Example These issues were to be achieved through the use various social action programmes and a social fund which was to be operated at European Union (EU) level. However, Geyer (2000) observes that most nations did not apply the contents of the social policy in reality but opted for state based policies to curb any effects in the market such as recession or depression. Furthermore, the conservative government of Britain which was very much opposed to trade unions was not willing to endorse the policy or what was referred as the social charter. To counter the dissatisfaction with the social policy, amendments were made to the social charter and new issues addressed so as to make it appealing and enhance economic and social cohesion. According to Archer (2000), the social dimension of internal market was to be achieved through various ways. First, it was to foster mobility of labour within the EU member states. To achieve this, the member states had to establish a standard form of hiring prac tices thus the qualifications one gained in his/her state was to be recognized by all members. Members were also to avoid all forms of discrimination in its labour activities especially for women and the handicapped. Vocational training was to be given to ensure all workers had the skills needed to enter the job market. According to Gold (1993), a social fund and a regional fund was to be maintained to assist the poor and the needy such as the handicapped, women and the poor so as to set up small businesses to improve their standards of living and as a source of employment. The final charter thus included such issues as; equality between men and women, formation of worker associations, collective... As the report declares the social policy touches on various issues on how to develop workers by improving their work conditions and living standards. The issues discussed included; harmonization of social systems, labour laws, working conditions, occupational health and safety, formation of trade unions and collective bargaining. Vocational training was also of importance as they impact directly on the labour market. The social policy also aimed at ensuring equality in pay and increased mobility of workers within the single market. This article stresses that the employment policy is an important tool in the social dimension as most of the issues concern employment relations. The responsibility of the policy is shared by the EU and the member states and is aimed at fulfilling various functions. Gold identifies the role of the employment policy which is; to make labour functions better by equipping people with appropriate skills and improving the quality of jobs; to promote sharing of best practices in areas such as employment, poverty reduction, pensions and social exclusion; governing implementation of social security schemes among other roles. Most states thus opt to use own policies to solve problems moreover, the welfare policies of some states and social legislation are not upto the expected EU standards while some other states lack resources to enable them to comply with the requirements of the charter. The willingness to implement the social policy is also affected by the government in place.

Evaluation of Apple Store Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Evaluation of Apple Store - Assignment Example This makes the reader interested to know the various items found in the apple store. The article has described apple commodities as those which as combined with technology and are easy to use. By touching on the issue of technology most readers, both young and old will like to know more about the commodity because the world is technology oriented. Â  The article has used amazing pictures for advertising apple commodities. Readers are likely to have the first-hand experience and understand the commodities found in an apple store. The article has also explained how the commodities are used and in case of difficulties, they have illustrated how to get a solution to the problem. The language applied to this piece of writing is simple and easy to understand since it explains everything in details. A subdivision in subtopics prepares the reader for what he is reading under the subtopic. Â  The article has used bright colors in its pictures that are appealing. This makes a reader interested to read on what is being offered in the apple store. It is one strategy for advertising apple products. The background of the picture is also bright; hence, readers do not have to strain while reading the article. Pictures are large enough to pass the intended message clearly (Apple store, Pp 8). The pictures are put at the center for customers get a clear illustration of apple commodities. Â  The article has done a tremendous job of explaining how apple commodities work. They have clearly illustrated to the reader how an individual makes a movie through the iPhones. This is captivating to teenage readers since they are interested in this kind of staff. This is a strategy of catching the attention of a larger population (Apple store, Pp 9). The article has used a technique where pictures change constantly to show the diversity of the apple store commodity.

Fundamentals of Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Fundamentals of Design - Assignment Example Unregistered athletes are not allowed to carry out this activity. The venue advisor collects details of all available venues and fills saves them in the system. Assumption made is that managers of different venues provide information in paper form and do not fill it directly into the system. The time keepers association triggers the event by. They fill in details of available time keepers into the system. The details are saved to the database for inclusion in making of the schedule. It is assumed the association will have an access right to the system. The competition advisor will trigger the event of scheduling. This will involve combining details of available venues and time keepers. The system will automatically produce multiple schedules as suggestions to the advisor. The advisor will then choose one schedule which is favorable to the institution. This is an event triggered by the competition advisor. The print out will include details of venues and events. It is assumed by the time of triggering this event all venues and time details will have been correctly fed into the system. Ethan wants to makes a schedule of all the winter season events. He peruses the different files in the registry to get details of available venues. After getting the list he prepares the season’s calendar using the details. The task takes a lot of time because the registry maintains its file in paper form. Ethan will need a system that will provide him with details of the different venues at a click of a button. This system will allow the venue advisor feed details of different venues and their availability. Once Ethan visits the site he will only require choosing the appropriate venues. The system is supposed to provide an interface with information about the different venues and when they are available. This interface should have a search capability to enable Ethan in finding a venue easily by just typing the name of a venue. The interface

Unit 3 Group Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 3 Group Project - Essay Example Doing so harshly might provoke a harsher reaction and thus this will be refrained from under any case whatsoever. Some of the potential issues that can rise owing to the patient information getting available to one and all includes making the patient a laughing stock amongst not only the hospital staff but also the connected links, which includes the friends circle of these hospital employees. Moreover, personal details getting open to one and all, means that there is no privacy involved and this comes directly under the ethical and moral perspective. One should keep in mind that ethics have to be practiced no matter how trying the circumstances are. A person must never let go of the ethical norms and values within his own self. The chances of electronic transfer of these files and more than that getting their print outs can leave a bad taste in the mouth for the readers who see it as well as the people connected with the hospital admin as they will start viewing it as a breach of conduct on their part, let alone their respective personalities. Patient’s information file must be kept confidential since he has invested in the hospital concerning his past track record with regards to health. The hospital staff is morally and ethically bound to safeguard the records and pertinent patient information and at no point in time leak the same for public viewing. A better way to safeguard these files is to make sure that the files are password protected and only the in charge official gets to see these details. Technology needs to make sure that it plays a positive and ethical role in the whole context. Electronic availability of patient information can play a very pivotal role in that patient’s insurance acts which he has to file for returns or claims in the future and thus in no manner it should be kept open for anyone to see. This would ensure that a complete trust

Fathers and Sons - The Quarrel - Chapter 10 Essay Example for Free

Fathers and Sons The Quarrel Chapter 10 Essay Chapter ten begins with Arkady and Bazarov discussing Nikolai and his outdatedness, Nikolai consulting his brother Pavel about the same issue follows this. These two events barely fit into the same chapter as the quarrel that occurs next. Bazarov and Pavel have not gotten along since they met and share different views on basically everything. Pavel loathes Bazarovs nihilist attitude and Bazarov, being a nihilist doesnt care much for Pavels aristocratic nature either. They have both been burning to have an argument, especially Pavel who was just waiting for a spark to start a flame. When the conversation drifted to one of the neighboring landowners Pavel noticed his chance and uses this as a catalyst to start the conversation about nihilism and their different viewpoints. As the two men begin dueling it is noticeable how both seem to be trained advocates. Their questions are brief and their answers to the point and dont give away too much. Bazarov seems to not care less about what is happening whereas Pavel seems to be dripping with enthusiasm. Pavel acts as more of an interrogator than Bazarov and begins the argument by stating his opposing viewpoint of aristocratism which Bazarov mocks so plainly. Both men have their dignity at this point and although Pavel seems pressured not much tension is in the atmosphere. I do not share the same opinion, said Pavel igniting the debate. Bazarov then asks Pavel what can be proved about the supposed superiority of the aristocrats. Though Pavel does answer the challenge I feel Bazarov is trying to change the subject when he chooses to personalize the argument and begins to talk about what the point of all of Pavels trouble is. He implies that Pavel doesnt achieve anything in his life and so his aristocratic way of life has been a useless one with no progress. Although this is clearly personal to Pavel I dont feel as if Bazarov was purposely trying to attack Pavels life and ridicule it. Unsurprisingly Pavel is offended and retorts, losing some of his dignity. He makes another personal statement towards Bazarov saying that only ignorant or stupid people would live without the principals that aristocrats preach; he is directly implying that Bazarov is ignorant and stupid. This argument I feel was more of a personal statement made towards Bazarov rather than a good argument to debate over, however Bazarov retains his dignity and moves to another topic, naming a few words used in aristocracy and labeling them as utter nonsense. At this point I think Bazarov is winning the argument, as Pavel seems confused and temporarily overwhelmed by Bazarovs questions. But Pavel does do the right thing next by asking Bazarov what he feels should be done about the situation, but again Pavel adds another personal statement at the end of his argument saying that if Bazarovs views were put into effect the Russian people shall find ourselves beyond the pale of humanity, outside human laws. Next more of Pavels dignity is stolen as they describe to him exactly what a nihilist does and does not do. Turgenev clearly states that Pavel is overwhelmed by the definition of nihilism and what plans they have for Russia. In his view it is as if Pavel underestimated their ignorance. Bazarov says that at present time the most useful thing that can be done by the Russian people is to deny. To deny authority, principals, art, everything. I fail to understand how much can be gained by this, Bazarovs theory is that all that has been built must be destroyed in order to construct a new life which the people want. Although I feel Bazarov is running a better argument I dont agree with his philosophy and feel that instead of denying everything an attempt can be made at just trying to change what has been built instead of destroying it and reconstructing it from scratch. Pavel continues to lose his temper and his arguments get worse as he loses his dignity and begins acting childlike. To reply to Bazarov and Arkadys description of the Russian people he says No, no! I cant believe that you young men really know the Russian people, that you represent their needs and aspirations! No, the Russian people are not what you imagine them to be. They hold tradition sacred, they are a patriarchal people, they cannot live without faith . . . This sentence with its abundance of nos sounds very childlike and most of it seems as if Pavel is trying to tell himself rather than the others that what they say is not true. Bazarov still contains full dignity and as adultly as possible agrees to ease Pavel, but he still refuses to admit if he is wrong. Then he states that although Pavel may be right it still proves nothing. His next argument is basic, but effective, Pavel says that in that case Bazarov must be going against his own people and Bazarov replies with an analogy that implies that according to Pavel if the majority of the people do something utterly stupid he must do so as well. Pavel ignores the last argument made by Bazarov and instead chooses to retaliate by attacking Bazarov by saying he is not part of the Russian people after he opposes them in so many ways. Bazarov handles this argument simply by referring to the most Russian people he knows, the peasants, who have knowledge of the past peasants who have risen and become of higher status now. Bazarov, as we have seen earlier in the book, talks to the peasants and doesnt mind answering their questions and talking to them. Although he may look down on them and not think much of them he still treats them like people and so they will obviously support him on this one so Pavel made bad move by challenging how Russian Bazarov is as he has more to show for it than Pavel. But again I do feel that comparing Pavel to himself was unnecessary and just made the argument more personal again. There is a short break in the chapter as Nikolai stands up and tries to cool the two down asking them not to make this personal. He is a bit late. With Nikolais interference Pavel has a chance to compose himself and regain some of the dignity he had had before. They start to discuss nihilism once again with a cooler and less tense atmosphere. Bazarov gives another definition for nihilism, this time focusing more on their actions as a group. They then begin to talk about the strength of the nihilists, which Pavel is proved to have underestimated. I agree with Bazarovs view here that a large number is not needed, but rather a stronger faith or force in what they are doing as the truth to be stronger then a large number. Although slightly irrelevant Bazarovs analogy to a single candle burning down the whole of Moscow, I feel was a strong argument. Pavel seems to lose his dignity along with the argument as he again starts acting restless and angered. Pavel then loses all dignity when he starts to be sarcastic saying Bravo, bravo! and trying to make what Bazarov is saying foolish by pretending to acknowledge it. His loss of dignity is made clear with Bazarovs statement You have departed from your praiseworthy sense of personal dignity and with this Bazarov chooses to close the argument, but not without his closing sentence in which he asks Pavel to think of institutions where the aristocracy has had an outcome of no problems. Pavel attempts to name a few but is proven wrong by Bazarov for his attempts. Bazarov once again asks Pavel to take his time and think about it; with this he takes his leave and the discussion comes to an end. Bazarov is clearly a powerful advocate who can maintain his dignity even when he is criticized and although many people oppose his views he has managed to keep his views alive. Pavel, although a good attempt would make a weaker advocate, his weaknesses lie in his quick temper. Maintaining your cool is very important and Bazarov proved that, he left the argument with all his dignity and my vote as the winner whereas Pavel was left tongue-tied and labeled as the loser.

The Purpose of Internal Controls

The Purpose of Internal Controls Internal controls are a relevant part of any business. In order for an organization to meet its obligations and be a success it is imperative that it implements controls in an attempt to safeguard its assets, its employee and its continual existence. This paper explains the reasons why internal controls needs to be implemented, present a framework which describes its components and identify entities which foresees that procedures are followed and maintained. Controlling What Happens Robins defend territories as pairs during the breeding season and as individuals during the winter. When dogs find bones, they bury it in a safe place and constantly make sure they are safe at all times. What these animal have in common is their desire to protect their assets and possessions. One of the most important acts a manager can do is to safeguard assets. The main purpose of internal controls is to help the organization to achieve its objectives and to make sure that the business operates as efficiently and as professionally as possible. In order to understand internal controls, it is imperative that one knows what they are, the definition of internal controls, the categories, the components of internal controls as well as the entities that foresee that internal control procedures are followed and maintained. According to â€Å"SEC Proposes Rules on Internal Controls, Ethics Codes and Financial Experts on Audit Committees,† the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants defines internal controls as â€Å"controls that pertain to the preparation of financial statements for external purposes that are fairly presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as addressed by the Codification of Auditing Standards Section 319 or any superseding definition or other literature that is issued or adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board† ( Haynes and Boone, LLP, 2002). They play a vital role and cannot be omitted from a business. This is because they ensure that employees as well as employers are providing reasonable assertions. In other words, they check the employees and employers actions and thoughts in a way which are meant to promote and better the business by preventing them from doing things their own way, or from robbing the business . They are established by management and they must make sure it is effective. According to R. L. Hurt, the significance of controls cannot be stressed enough, â€Å"In the importance of internal controls managers, stockholders, employees, and other organizational stakeholders want a company to operate as effectively and efficiently as possible, to have financial statements that are reliable, and to make sure their assets are safe† (Hurt, 2008, p.53). They are basically a plan of organization within a business which co-ordinates with all the methods used in the business to safeguard its assets. It further promotes productivity and aids management to hold on to rules and policies of the organization. Internal controls can be classified into two; preventive and detective. The main purpose of preventive controls is to detect errors within or dampen the chances of fraud. According to â€Å"Internal Control Concept and Framework,† preventive control activities â€Å"aim to deter the instance of errors or fraud† (University Of Washington, 2009). This is the most effective control because it checks against fraud, scams and errors before they occur. It is important to note that before it can become effective, it will be necessary to have a strong risk detection system within the organization. Detective controls identify errors or fraudulent activities after they take place. In other words, â€Å"Detective control activities identify undesirable occurrences after the fact† (University Of Washington, 2009). This method can cause problems if the after effect was significant, such as Enron and WorldCom. In such occasions, the most common detective control is reconciliat ion. In an attempt to help businesses and organization improve their internal control systems, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commissions, otherwise known as COSO was formed. COSO is a voluntary private-sector organization and was established in 1985 and consists of a select committee which includes the American Accounting Association, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Financial Executives International, Institute of Management Accountants and The Institute of Internal Auditors (The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commissions). The main purpose of COSO is to identify actions or activities which influence fraudulent practices in businesses and to identify way of minimizing their occurrences. According to the American Accounting Association, â€Å"COSOs Mission is to provide thought leadership on enterprise risk management, internal control and fraud deterrence designed to improve organizational performance and governance and to reduce the extent of fraud in organizations†(American Accounting Association, 2008, p. 3). In 1992, COSO established an internal control framework which consists of five components and are meant to be integrated within the management process to ensure success. These components consist of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and finally monitoring. Control Environment deals with the controllers and leaders of the business or company. In other words, this component talks mainly with management. The whole purpose is to make managers aware that internal controls begin in top management and thus cannot be effective without them playing an integral role in it. According to Lightle, Castellano and Cutting in their article, â€Å"Assessing the Control Environment,† they state that, â€Å"Of the five, the control environment may be the most critical, as well as the most difficult to manage and evaluate effectively† (Lightle, Castellano, Cutting, 2007, p. 52). They further state that â€Å"An effective control environment supports and strengthens the other control elements whereas a weak control environment undermines the other elements, rendering them useless† (p. 51). This environment emphasizes that if controls are not taken seriously by management, employees will also not take it serious. This is the reason why control environment is the backbone of the rest of the controls and without it, implementing ethical values and integrity in employees will be difficult. Risk assessment deals with the processes used to identifying organizational risks and threats within an organization and finding cost effective controls to deal with them. According to AICPA, risk assessment is â€Å"the identification and analysis of relevant risks to achieve the objectives that form the basis to determine how risks should be managed† (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2005). An effective way to make this work is to consider both internal and external aspect of the business before it can be successful to its highest capacity. According to Sarbanes-Oxley, an â€Å"effective risk assessment requires; definition of the objectives, determination of the compatibility of the objectives, identification of risks to achieving the objectives, determination of risks associated with change, judgment as to which risks are critical and determination of actions to mitigate risks starting with the critical ones† (Walz, 2008). The third internal control framework of COSO is control activities. This component deals with the actions or actual controls executed in response to the information acquired from an effective risk assessment. They are the actual policies and procedures such as authorizations and approvals which aid management in making sure that organizational objectives are achievable. Information and communication is another important part of business which cannot be overlooked. This is because the process and what information is passed on can cause a lot of problems within the organization. It is imperative that the information flows is as accurate in the organization as possible in a way that ensures the right message is sent to the right person with the right encoding and the receiver has no problem in deciphering it. Effective information and communication helps in minimizing control risks and is directed mainly to employees to be responsible and careful in how they deal with sending and receiving information. In summary, the information and communication component aims in improving or maintaining quality and efficiency in communication within the organization. Unfortunately, some businesses are too big to accommodate any significant control process. According to â€Å"Effective Internal Control Systems Are Key to Ensuring Compliance†, â€Å"Informatio n and communication are the identification, capture, and exchange of information in a form and time frame that enable people to carry out their responsibilities† (Gundling, 2003). Monitoring is the final component of the COSO framework. It deals mainly with the evaluation and assessment of the organizations system of controls. It basically looks as the operations of an organization over a period of time to evaluate whether their objectives are being accomplished. So in effect, it is imperative that management assesses their internal control system to make sure that they are acquiescent to the organizations standard of controlling risks. According to â€Å"COSO Document Covers Internal Control Monitoring†, â€Å"COSO Document Covers Internal Control Monitoring,† he states that effective monitoring occurs by â€Å"establishing a foundation for monitoring, designing and executing monitoring procedures that are prioritized based on risk and reporting the results of monitoring to the appropriate level† (McCollum, 2008). A good way to ensure monitoring is used in its most effective way is to ensure that there are people who are qualified or have gone through training in that field and can ensure that the process it taken the tight way. This is because if management does not fully comprehend its importance the whole process could fall apart. One important aspect of monitoring is that the process should be taken serious and that risks discovered during that period should be directed to the relevant staff for corrective measures. Because of the extreme impact of the scandals that Enron and WoldCom brought into the business field, there have been entities which have been placed into the business field to prevent these fraudulent activities from occurring, one of these is the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. According to† Making compliance effective,† the act â€Å"was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Bush in large part because of the spectacular failures of Enron, WorldCom and other public companies† (Engle, 2009). Understanding the importance of internal controls can be difficult to comprehend. However the consequences of not adhering them are tougher to deal with. This can be seen by the utter chaos Enron and WorldCom have caused. Without controls goals and assets will be lost and operations will be terminated prematurely. Without internal controls, soon there will be no business. References Haynes and Boone, LLP, (2002). SEC Proposes Rules on Internal Controls, Ethics Codes and Financial Experts on Audit Committees. World Services Group, Retrieved from http://www.hg.org/articles/article_201.html Hurt, R. L. (2008). Accounting Information Systems: Basic Concepts Current Issues. New York: McGraw-Hill. University Of Washington, (2009, July 16). Internal Control Concept and Framework. Retrieved from http://www.washington.edu/admin/finacct/office/internalcontrol/frame.html The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commissions, Initials. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from http://www.coso.org/aboutus.htm American Accounting Association, (2008, April, 1). Mission and operating policies. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations, Retrieved 09/07/2009, from http://aaahq.org/newsarc/COSOChairPosition.pdf Lightle, S., Castellano, J., Cutting, B. (2007, December). Assessing the control environment. Internal Auditor, 64(6), 51-56. Retrieved 09/07/2009, from Business Source Complete database. http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=28323854site=ehost-livescope=site American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (2005). Internal control: a tool for the audit committee. Retrieved 09/07/2009, from American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Web site: http://www.aicpa.org/audcommctr/toolkitsnpo/Internal_Control.htm Walz, John (2008, April 11). Retrieved 09/07/2009, from Table Comparing COSO and ISO 9001 Web site: http://www4.asq.org/blogs/sarbanes-oxley/2008/04/table_comparing_coso_and_iso_9.html Gundling, Richard L. (2003, October). Effective internal control systems are key to ensuring compliance. Journal of Health Care Compliance, 2, Retrieved 09/07/2009, from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=11291132site=bsi-live McCollum, T (2008, August). COSO Document Covers Internal Control Monitoring. Internal Auditor, [65(4)], [13-14, 2]. Engle, Paul. (2009). Making compliance effective. Industrial Engineer: IE, 41(8), Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=43346883site=ehost-livescope=site

Effect of Work Motivation on Job Satisfaction

Effect of Work Motivation on Job Satisfaction This study attempts to develop the effect of work motivation on job satisfaction on two big mobile telecom organizations zong and ufone. The questionnaire was developed to measure the correlation of work motivation and job satisfaction. Total number of observations was sixty and the mean for JS and WK was 3.53 and 3.99 respectively. ANOVA result was 0.042 that was not a significant level for the model that was selected. It can be concluded that, there must be some other variables that are intervening in our model and making contribution at a significant level. Thus the model has not attained the favorable level of significant and could not be used for further research. As p-value was less then .05 so it can be said that the variables chosen for the study was not highly significant. Researcher also found that overall the employees were quiet satisfied with their jobs and have their interest in their job. More than average employees were motivated to work for the organization. Some of employees think that they are not on their actual path and often feel over worked. There are many studies on job satisfaction, and work motivation around the globe but there is scarcity of this work in the local environment. Many researchers are agreed on the influences that job satisfaction is dependent on the work motivation. In past papers, researchers defined each variable and to some extent about the relationship between, work motivation, and job satisfaction. While putting a glance on the organizations around us, we can find that the main challenge for the companies is to enhance the employee performance by implementing different strategies. These strategies include compensation to employees, motivation, rewards and bonuses or team empowerment. Job satisfaction makes the employees more attentive and concerned for the organization. The private organizations also take necessary actions to improve the employees performance with the passage of time therefore the human resource management departments in organizations play a vital role to drive the organization in a certain way. If an organization have a good HRM system, therefore its possible to produce more loyalty, commitment, and motivation to spend additional effort for the organizations objectives (Pfeffer, J, 1994). Considering all the points, job satisfaction will be achieved, when the employee will be motivated to do work, and there are certain factors which influence on work motivation such as efficiency, productivity, absenteeism, turnover rates, and intention to quit (Baron, 1986; Maghradi, 1999). Motivation could be described as a driving force that makes people willingly want to put in their best in what they do. The concept of motivation is that there is no need to force or threaten people to work harder, as any such force or threat is likely to be ineffective in the long run. Rather, it is better that people should be motivated as it is believed that the driving force which results from motivation will compel people to put in their best out of willingness and not out of force or threat. Motivation is believed to lead to an increase in employees work performance. That in turn leads to an increase in overall organizational productivity levels. Furthermore, motivation is said to improve employee job satisfaction. Rationale for the study The rationale for this study was the basic psychology of the human mind about job satisfaction that a person motivated to do a task or a job will be having more satisfaction from that task or work. Secondly, the query to solve that what makes an employee a satisfied employee in an organization. The more the satisfied employees, the higher would be the organizational performance. Problem statement Researchers have analyzed that there are many factors that can effect the job satisfaction of the employees; work motivation is one of the factors. Our study will cover the impact of motivation on the job satisfaction. Objectives of research study The main purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among the work motivation and job satisfaction. The classification of objectives will be as under: Determine the level of motivation of employees. Determine the level of job satisfaction of employees. Analyze the effect of work motivation on job satisfaction. Significance of Study The research is based on the human resource management practice that is motivation. It is a deliberated fact that in our country, very few researchers are working in this area, so we have chooses this area for our research that would be helpful for further research and exploration of new ideas in this field. It will also provide an insight into the fact that how job satisfaction can be enhances within the organizations. In developing countries like Pakistan, it is required to work on such areas that can be developed to increase the productivity of employees and thus of the organizations as well. Delimitations The study will be delimited to telecommunication service organizations in Islamabad. Review of Literature Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction has remained a remarkable area of discussion in the field of management, psychology and especially in organizational behavior and human resource management, for a long period. Many economists have paid attention and inclination towards this subject in recent years (Kosteas, 2009). According to Ramayah, Jantan, and Tadisina (2001), Job satisfaction explains how employees are buoyant to come to work and how they get enforced to perform their jobs. What are the things who make happy an employee on doing work and not to leave the job? Other researchers narrate job satisfaction as being the outcome of the workers appraisal of extent to which the work environment fulfillment the individuals needs (Dawis Lofquist 1984). According to Locke (1969), job satisfaction is a state of emotional gladness, results from the achievement of the goals that one get through performing his part of contribution inside an organization. Rao (2005) in his study discussed that satisfaction at the job for a person acts as a motivation to work. It is not the self satisfaction, happiness or self-contentment but the satisfaction of the job. It is the combination of psychological environmental circumstances that affect the person for his satisfaction with the job (Khan 2006). Thus Aswathappa (2003) discussed about the determinants of job satisfaction as it said that the wage payment and monetary rewards are the two determinants. Different organizations employ different wage system and other rewards. The organizations pay wages and salaries along with incentives, perquisites, and non-monetary benefits. Velnampy (2008), in his study on job attitude and employees performance concluded that job satisfaction contains positive influence on the performance of the employees as it enhances job involvement and the higher performance also makes people feel more satisfied and committed to the organization. The satisfaction and performance of the employee works in a cycle and are interdependent. Job satisfaction and involvement of the employee leads him to have high levels of performance. Shahu Gole (2008), in his empirical study of effect of Job satisfaction on Performance, they concluded that the job satisfaction factor is not been taken under consideration by the companies and companies need to develop plans so that their employees can show superior performance. Performance level lowers with lower level satisfaction scores. There should be some awareness programs, pertaining to the stress satisfaction level in the industries. It will help organizations to understand the benefits of stress knowledge in relation to satisfaction and goal achievement in the industry. Shah Shah (2008), in his study of job satisfaction and fatigue variables found the negative relationship between the fatigue and satisfaction from the job. The fatigue has found as negative predictor of Job Satisfaction. The study clearly indicates the different issues for Call Centre employees in the context of Indian economy in which the researcher said that there are various factors leading to dissatisfaction that are on the job and off the job. Its also been discussed in the study that if fatigue get minimized, job satisfaction can be improved by various innovative and encouraging strategies. Work Motivation Luthans (1998) asserts that motivation is the process that arouses, energizes, directs, and sustains behavior and performance. That is, it is the process of stimulating people to action and to achieve a desired task. One way of stimulating people is to employ effective motivation, which makes workers more satisfied with and committed to their jobs. Intrinsic motivation, however, can be defined as the motivation to perform an activity for it, in order to experience the pleasure and satisfaction inherent in the activity (Deci, Connell, Ryan, 1989). According to cognitive evaluation theory and self-determination theory (Gagne Deci, 2005), rewards that are interpreted as information about ones competence and satisfy individuals need for autonomy, will enhance intrinsic motivation. Simon (1997, p.276) argued in his research work, why does the motivation required? The fundamental challenge of all companies is to encourage their employees to work for the organizational goals, whereas Pfeffer (1998) has argued in his research that in the long run, the success can be achieved by those companies that use to manage their employees; creating significant work and having satisfied employees, taking both side by side is the way to organizational effectiveness. Frey (1997) showed that extrinsic rewards, like monetary benefits may interact negatively with the intrinsic work motivation. It has just seen that there is crucially dependence of intrinsic motivation on the extrinsic incentives. Wright and Pandey (2005) described in their work that emotional attachment and loyalty is one of the most important factors of employee motivation that binds the employee to stick to the organization, many other benefits associated with the organization are also part of motivation. Allen Meyer (1990) have tried to answer the question that is; how an organization can analyze that whether it is keeping its employees happy, motivated and loyal to the organization? There is no pet answer as the work motivation is a counter effect of many factors linked to employees; how they interact with organization and what views they have about the organization. Work motivation can be evaluated by the degree of feeling attachment, obligations, and rewards in working in organization. Horwitz et al (2003) predicted that employees get high motivation through challenging work environment and support of the top management. If the employees are competitive and want to do work with full efficiency as it will utilize all their capabilities, then challenging work is the best motivator. Many of the employees like to make relationships and thus need to contact more and more to the higher authorities, so making more regular contacts make them feel that they are been observed and work with more motivation. Locke and Latham (2004, p.388) defined the work motivation as outcome of both internal and external factors that force the employee to work more excitedly. Bacon et al (1996), Deshpande and Golhar (1994), and Julien (1998) have stressed upon the fact that employees have the key position in maintaining a competitive edge over the competitive market by a business. Relation between Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction Gupta Joshi (2008) discussed about the relationship between the Job satisfaction and motivation for the employees. Productivity in the work of an employee is outcome of satisfaction and productivity can be taken as indicator of satisfaction. Employees have to spend most of their time at workplace and need satisfaction at that place. Herzberg et al.s (1959) has described a relationship between two variables as Job Satisfaction is the result of two kinds of factors, intrinsic and extrinsic factor; intrinsic factors appraised the job satisfaction and extrinsic factors cause dissatisfaction and reduce the level of job satisfaction. The extrinsic factors were also called as hygiene factors. According to Herzberg, the hygiene factors results in the form of dissatisfaction and these were external or environmental features e.g. company policy and administration, supervision, work conditions, salary and benefits. The intrinsic factors are also called satisfiers and motivators, included creative or challenging work, responsibility and advancement opportunities. Kovach (1987) also tried to identify the relationship; the need to provide the basic necessities of life motivates most people which in return make the employees satisfied from their jobs. Whereas Brown (1996) examines that when an organization is having some satisfied or delighted employees, it is likely to have satisfied or delighted customers. Brown said the employee satisfied and delightedness as a prerequisite of customer satisfaction. Thus Wagar (1998) explained that in the global market, one can be successful when it has highly motivated, skilled, and satisfied workforce that can produce quality goods at low costs. Hypothesis This study was conducted to test the following hypothesis: H1: Employee Work Motivation has direct positive effect on Job Satisfaction Research Methodology Keeping in mind what researchers have discussed in their work with relation to the effect of work motivation on job satisfaction of employee, this paper is been designed and the research is been conducted to have a clear view of the relationship. In this paper, job satisfaction is been analyzed through the change in work motivation. A questionnaire was designed to collect the required data for motivation and satisfaction. Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics including mean, median and standard deviation. Regression Analysis will be carried out to study the effect of work motivation on job satisfaction of employees. Population The population of the study will be mobile telecom organizations and their employees in Islamabad. There are five mobile telecom companies that are providing services of telecommunication to their customers. Sample and Response Rate The sample for this study was drawn from two organizations in the telecom sector. The sample will include 30 employees; thirty questionnaires will be distributed in both the organizations. Description of the Instrumentation Questionnaire to find the response of employees regarding Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction Work Motivation the Independent Variable Job Satisfaction the Dependent Variable Case Employees Construction A modified questionnaire tagged Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction Scale (WMJSS) was used for the collection of data on the study. The questionnaire was specifically designed to accomplish the objectives of the study. The first section collected information such as age, sex, qualification and, professional status. The second section contained the items, and was divided into two parts. Part1. This measures job satisfaction, which included 7 questions. The item was adopted from Job satisfaction, Cook et al. (1981). Part2. This measures work motivation, which included 8 questions. The item was adopted from http://jinnahprojects.com, time: 3.26am and date: 19th dec, 2009. Both parts using a Likert scale ranging from Strongly Agree= SA; Agree = A; Somewhat agree = SWD; Somewhat Disagree = SWD; and Strongly Disagree = SD. Pilot Testing We have distributed our questionnaire to five employees of Zong and get the response from them. We have modified the questionnaire accordingly and consulted other people for assistance. Finalization After getting feedback and the amendments in the questionnaire, we consulted a senior teacher and got his satisfactory remarks about that. Thus the questionnaire is valid and reliable. Theoretical Model Job Satisfaction Work Motivation Independent Variable Dependent Variable Data Collection Convenient sampling was used to get data and two departments in Zong and two departments of Ufone were visited. In Zong, IT department and customer relationship department were been under observation and in Ufone, marketing and customer relation department. Sample of thirty was been distributed and got feedback from both the organization. Also verbal conversations were made to have conformity of the data collected. All the data collected is been edited by the researchers. There was very high response rate as it was a convenient sampling and getting feedback was quiet different from other sampling methods. Data Analysis The following statistical tools were implemented to get the findings: SPSS Inc 17.0 MS-Excel 2003 The following measures have been used to identify the relationship: Means and Standard Deviations will be calculated, that will provide us a broader view of the data, how much people are satisfied and up to what extend the psychology of employees differ in a work environment. Regression Analysis will be carried out to determine the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. Research findings Data Representation The frequency table of job satisfaction and work motivation is showing the scattered data in a group form. The standard deviations are showing the diversity of data which is indicating that there is a variety of opinions between the employees. Analysis of variance shows that how much the model is valid and what is the significance of the model. In this research work, significance level is 0.042 that is not a significant level for the model that was selected. It can be concluded that there must be some other variables that are intervening in our model and making contribution at a significant level. Thus the model has not attained the favorable level of significant and could not be used for further research. The p-value shows the significance of variable. As p-value is less then .05 so it can be said that the variables chosen for the study are not highly significant. These results are outcome of the wrong model selected. This study has made us know that there should be a check for the variables that one use in a model. The value of R square is too low that can be used for the relationship analysis of the variables. The value of beta is showing the positive relationship between the dependent and independent variables but not a strong relationship. If there is some relation, that would be positive direct relation. The table shows the correlation between job satisfaction and work motivation Findings Overall the employees are quiet satisfied with their jobs and have their interest in their job. More than average employees are motivated to work for the organization. Some of employees think that they are not on their actual path. Many employees think that the organization hasnt fulfilled their promises, what they do in beginning especially regarding Promotion. There is positive relationship between the motivation and job satisfaction. Employees often feel overworked. Conclusions and Discussion Suggestions To increase the job satisfaction level of the employees the company should concentrate mainly on the incentive and reward structure rather than the motivational session. Ideal employees should concentrate on their job. Educational qualification can be the factor of not an effective job. Company should give promotion to those employees who deserve it. For the researchers who want to do research on such variables, must see the validity of the model and intervening variables that may affect the relationship strongly. Limitations of Study However data is collected with full level of our efforts, yet there remain some flaws in our study. While doing research, many problems are there to be faced by the researcher. The prime difficulties which are been faced in collection of data in this study are discussed below: Short time period: The time period for carrying out the research was short as a result of which many facts have been left unexplored. Lack of resources: Lack of time and other resources as it was not possible to conduct survey at large level. Small no. of respondents: Only sixty employees have been chosen that was a small number, to represent whole of the population. Unwillingness of respondents: While collection of the data many consumers were unwilling to fill the questionnaire due to lack of time. Respondents were having a feeling of wastage of time for them. Small area for research: The area for study was limited to specific organizations that are quite a small area to judge job satisfaction level.

Science Vs Religion :: essays research papers

Since the beginning of human history there have been many explanations for events that seem out of human control. In recent civilized history, religious and since the beginning of human history there have been many explanations for events that seem out of human control. In recent civilized history, religious and scientific views have often clashed with one another. Religious ideas are usually presented first and then enough scientific evidence accumulates to dare religious beliefs. These findings of science are met with incredulity and most are considered a heresy. Since the middle ages until the 18th centuri, religious ideology was the most accepted way of explaining the unexplained. During the next couple hundred years, many members of academia(a school of philosophy), using science to back them up, came up with new ways of dealing with the unanswerable questions. When the church had the greatest power, men and women of science were viewed as the "wicked guys." In most cases it was safer to believe in the church and their ideas, in order not to be excommunicated or shunned by society, than to place their trust in charlatan scientists. As a result, many conflicts arise between men of religion and men of science. Even if a scientist set out to prove the church wrong and show some very strong evidence contrary to popular belief, he was usually shunned and his ideas denounced publicly. It is not until many people have similar evidence and findings do they gain any credibility with normal people and the church. Nowadays people believe that if a scientific view is false, then by continuing study and research the truth may be discovered. one may conclude that if no one presented new ideas, then intelligent thought would have no place in a society like that. Scientists like Darwin accepted the risks involved in presenting new ideas. Voltaire also was a revolutionary thinker. Although, he presented ideas of his own, he decided to satirize science and religion. Each society, church, men of academia, believes that their ideas are correct and therefore are the best of the world. It is true, even to this day, that each nation has a different set of standards, reasoning, and beliefs on how life works and what are the best possible things to believe in. In some cases, nations try to push those beliefs on other nations. This results in a push for new scientific research and other religious and philosophical beliefs of that nation, to fight the ideas that are being reflected on them.

Kuwait Parliment Misunderstands democracy for women :: essays research papers fc

The Kuwait Parliament Misunderstands Democracy for Women With the upcoming elections in the United States approaching this November, the thought came to mind of voting rights in other countries. As an American citizen, I have lived in Kuwait for over 19 years. When I went to the U.S. Embassy to submit my absentee ballot, it came to mind that I live in a country where women are not allowed to exercise the right to vote. Women's suffrage in America took 70 years of discrimination until the 19th Amendment was passed on August 26, 1920, allowing women to vote. The suffragists undertook action through lobbying, petition gathering, lectures and writings. Kuwaiti women have been fighting for 40 years and are still fighting for the right to vote. Kuwait is a country about the size of New Jersey and it is a very modern society by western standards. It is considered one of the richest nations in the world, since it has the third largest oil reserves. Kuwait being a social welfare state is highly developed with a free market economy. The monarchy government rules the country and has the only elected Parliament in the Persian Gulf countries. What does all this mean? Being a Kuwaiti national has its benefits, including free education from primary school to university. Statistics showed that over 70% of the total graduates at the local university are women studying engineering and medicine. Health care for Kuwaiti's is free, but for expatriates, small fees are applied to some services. Taxes are not imposed in Kuwait, and electricity is subsidized 80% by the government, so as not to burden residents. This means electricity and water are included in the rent cost, and phone service inside the country is free. Fast, expensive cars ar e something of the norm and shopping malls with the latest fashions from around the world are abundant. The population of Kuwait is about 2.5 million however only 27% are Kuwaiti nationals. From this figure there are 1.5 men to every Kuwaiti woman. The voting rights for eligible Kuwaiti men who have been citizens for over 20 years are allowed to contest in elections. Presently, all Kuwaiti men having the nationality over 20 years are allowed to vote, except men in the military and police force. Under the 1961 constitution, the following articles support equality among genders. Article 6 provides "the system of government in Kuwait shall be democratic, under which sovereignty resides in the people, the sources of all powers.

Argumentive Essay Essay

I believe that a child should complete a parent’s life. On the other hand I don’t believe that it is biblically right for homosexual couples to be able to adopt a child and raise that child. In the bible God created man and woman for a purpose. This purpose was to be able to reproduce the population and for one man to be in love and with one woman. I do not believe that in a homosexuality house hold that a child would be raised properly and normally like most children are able to be raised. I feel putting children in that environment is suggesting that homosexuality is okay and it truly isn’t when in terms of the bible. This sin was so important to God that he directly approached the subject in the bible saying it is a sin and that a man should be with a woman and a woman should be with a man. Being a huge supporter of the Christian faith because I am apart of that faith, I believe that being a homosexual is dishonorable and truly upsets God. On the other hand I am aware that not every heterosexual home in the world is a stable and a suitable home to raise a child in. In many homes in this world there are children that are beaten, raped, hungry, and also very poorly supported. In those terms and in those cases I do believe that it may be acceptable for a child that are in those conditions to be placed in a home where they will be loved and supported and be loved. I do also agree that a homosexual couple is very capable of loving and providing and taking care of a child. If the child is being beaten and unloved and raped and other extreme conditions I would be supportive and feel that it was okay for a child to be adopted into a homosexual home. I also feel that it is hard for the children that are being adopted to be able to accept what is going on and being able to know what is natural and taboo. Same-sex couples raising children must stand ready to prove to the world they are a family, just one that happens to have two mothers or two fathers. For example I would like to share this one homosexual couple’s tory. This constant burden of proof is especially difficult for families like the Muzingos, who live in a state that doesn’t allow them to establish legal ties to each other. Michelle Muzingo was in the delivery room when her wife, Katrina, gave birth to each of their three children, who are now 7, 4 and 1. She cut their umbilical cords and was the first to hold the children, who call her â€Å"mommy. † Yet because they live in Ohio, a state that does not allow gay couples to adopt, she is unable to make that title official. We are always scanning the circle around us to see what we need to put in place to protect ourselves,† said Katrina, 37. A report released earlier this week illustrates just how vulnerable these couples and their children are, both legally and financially. After all, 30 states do not have laws that allow same-sex parents to either adopt, while six states restrict them or impose outright bans. Even families who live in states that recognize their relationships can run into trouble if they travel or move. And if something were to happen to a parent who was unable to adopt or otherwise establish legal ties, the child might be denied certain federal benefits something that children of most heterosexual parents receive automatically. When having a child normally, with one man getting one woman that is married pregnant, it can be an extremely rocky road. Also I believe that not every home is perfect and there are many problems within each family. But I just think that too many complications can come from homosexual couples adopting a child.

My Life in Five Years

My Life in Five Years Salvador Dali once said: â€Å"Do not fear perfection, you will never achieve it. † Of course, I don’t expect to find perfection during the next five years, but I do imagine a positive and brilliant future life. I am self-confident, composed, self-controlled, cheerful and full of energy, and even humble. I don’t waste time; I can define a goal and know how to reach it, and I never leave things half done. While I don’t claim to be able to predict where I will end up, there are a few things that I know for certain that I want to accomplish: I would like to improve my education and therefore career opportunities, where I can help solve other people’s problems, explore new places and meet new friends, and finally, build the house of my dreams and find someone in my life to share all that with. The family is the foundation of human society and my number one priority. It is very important that a man’s family provides understanding and gives him moral support. Before any professional or financial success, a man must achieve family success—only then can he achieve something in his life. Therefore, I would be most grateful if I found someone to share my life with and start a family. The experience and pleasure that travel provides is a very important thing for any person. In my opinion, traveling is a source of emotional and personal inspiration; therefore, I will visit such countries as USA, Canada, France, Italy and others. Traveling will help me make new friends around the world and be able to get out and about the people from diverse background, which I'm certain will enrich my own life, to be sure, but also the lives of those to whom I come in contact. Last but not least is my education and career. I have asked myself many times what I wanted to be. A few years ago it was difficult to give a definite answer. I had changed my mind several times. During this past year I finally discovered what it was that I most wanted to pursue. I realized that my strongest desires were to continue specializing in innovative technologies, learn foreign languages, and most importantly, complete an MBA. Working with passion had always been my aim. I plan to do the work I love and hopefully earn good money as a bonus. I will make it a habit of helping people solve their problems by means of finding opportunities to create products and services. According to Nikolay Ostrovskiy, â€Å"life is given to us but once and we must live it so as to feel no torturing regrets for wasted years. † I realize that I won't achieve perfection when it comes to all my dreams, but I recognize that life and time are both precious. I am committed to doing everything possible to make these goals become part of my five-year reality.

Foreign Auto Shop

Running Head: Foreign Auto Shop Final Case Paper jose terrs Submitted To: Dr. torres October 21ST, 2012 GEBB515 – ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP Abstract Many companies around the world have different styles of management. Some companies have â€Å"laid back managers† others have â€Å"drill sergeant managers† both types of managers are like and disliked. Management plays a very important role in any job field. The overall supervision and leadership shown by the management is what I think, constructs a business to a successful business.Every business needs a foundation. Once the foundation is settled, it’s just a step by step dedication with the owner and its leadership trend team. In this case analysis, Alan shows a mellow characteristic of a manger. But when things get serious, he has a â€Å"strong willed go getter manger characteristic†. The owner of the foreign auto shop has a much laid back personality informed to us by the case. Alan has a very we ll wanted leadership phase that many employees look for in a boss.Usual leadership situations in the auto repair shop consist of making sure every employee is doing the right job the right way, but without being to â€Å"on top of them† while they perform their work talent. The owner is also head supervisor of the overall shop. He has 7 employees working for his shop in which two of them (Gil & Hans) are the easiest to supervise due to the fact that they are more experienced in all subjects of the mechanical work field. Along with his other two employees (Bart & Herbie) which are dedicated in to their specific parts of the mechanical workforce.Bart works more on motorcycles, whereas Herbie is a whiz at trouble shooting engine problems. Three other employees require closer supervision by Alan because they are less skilled oriented. By going back to the abstract you will see how a â€Å"foundation† is needed to create a wonderful and successful business. Well Ala n has his overall view of what he is dedicated to, and has built a wonderful and creative team that are focused on making sure the client is always happy. Alan’s typical leadership style is considerately appropriate for his leadership situation.Alan is described to be a less â€Å"on point† supervisor amongst his employees. He knows that they are doing their job. He always makes himself available to on the floor to his employees if they are in need of any help or have specific questions. His fairness and openness have earned him the continuing respect and trust if his employees. Sometimes always being a mellow â€Å"laid back† kind of manager is not always a good thing also because many employees can take that and use it against the management.For example, seeing the manager being easy going and not too â€Å"put forward† can sometimes escalate to the actual employee not accomplishing his work goal and just taking it easy. In this case, Alan shows his dou ble side. â€Å"Things are not always greener on the other side of the fence†. There is certainly something very interesting regarding the cause and effect of running a laissez-faire organization, particularly corporations. Ultimately, when it comes to laid back management, it is not really a matter of whether to be lenient or not.Oftentimes, it is a matter of when to be indulgent, because there are certain circumstances that will cause either an advancement or failure. Laid back management is actually a good strategy. Needless to say, workers have to be entitled with certain rights and privileges. Lenient management is often the core of empowering the laborers. More often than not, empowering laborers proved to boost the overall prosperity of the corporation. Oftentimes this may come into explicit forms of idealistic gestures, such as enabling the worker to make any constructive suggestions regarding the company policies.Some companies find this method too lenient to a point of negligence, but there are those that abide by its format. An example of a popular tactic of promoting lenient management is the establishment of friendly relations with employees, although such a gesture could be taken as an extreme idealism for many traditional types of corporations. In certain ways, friendly relationship between the laborer and overseer would result to easy productivity because both parties could defer to one another and even work together to overcome certain challenges.A friendly relationship is often deemed good like-minded academic school of thought for the simple reason that respect for fellow human beings, especially in terms of their dignity, is a non-negotiable aspect of civil law. Alan’s leadership style during the flood was put out to be his â€Å"Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde† side. When he noticed that the storm was advancing rapidly towards the valley where his shop is located, Alan to be on the safe side went out to roll up the windows o f the clients cars that were in the parking lot waiting to be worked on.Then he noticed that the creek was already rising high and ran back to the shop but got soaked by the rain. His employees laughed at him for: not having enough sense to come in out of the rain. † After 15minutes of hard rain, he realized it wasn’t just a rainstorm, but an actual flood. He ran into the shop and announced in a loud voice that the creek was flooding and instructed all his employees to do certain jobs but nobody seemed to be moving.An employee walked over to Alan and told him, does he really think it’s gonna flood because it’s rained like this before and it doesn’t even reach more than an inch. Alan looks at the employee in the eyes and interrupted his employee by saying in an assertive manner, â€Å"Listen, ad listen good! You and the rest of the crew are going to do what I say, and you’re going to do it now! We can talk later about whether it was a good id ea. † By coming out and managing in this manner, Alan shows himself to no longer be a mellow â€Å"laid back† manager but be an assertive and â€Å"drill sergeant† manager.Another very concrete situation from which laid back management will truly not go as planned is when the corporate heads issue an urgent massive quota on such a short deadline. For instance, bombarding laborers with tasks in streamline payroll processing. If the management allows the workers to have a say according to their preference, nobody would be willing to work with such a given condition. The greatest error of imposing laissez-faire supervision is when it comes to the point that the laborers would feel entitled to defy a corporate order.There is a fine line between liberty and anarchy, and the latter could sometimes result from high expectations that are stifled by necessity. His effective behaviors were implemented as being an easy going manager when things are not a risk or are being d one incorrectly and a serious go getter when he sees that his business is in danger or an employee is performing incorrectly. After the flood subsided his way of management was very well performed by showing each of his employees that he is highly appreciative of each contribution each employee performed while the flood was in effect.Assertiveness is a key component to being an effective manager, and is particularly important when dealing with difficult employees who thrive on testing your boundaries. Why do employees behave badly to begin with? Because the manager who is in authority is allowing them to behave that way, â€Å"laid back† managers Some techniques that can be used to become a more assertive — and, therefore, more effective — manager: Set and communicate clear boundaries and expectations. Managers who fail to clearly define and consistently enforce boundaries are just asking for trouble from their employees. Your employees are not mind readers,â₠¬  Shepard emphasized. â€Å"You have got to clearly, clearly, clearly define what you expect and what you will not tolerate. † The good news, he pointed out, is that â€Å"the firmer you are and the more people realize you don't budge, the less they will test the boundaries. † Hold everyone accountable, even when you don't want to. â€Å"You have an obligation to your company to do the right thing; they are paying you to make the tough decisions,† stated Shepard. You also â€Å"owe it to your good employees not to let problem employees get away with things they shouldn't. Although this can be particularly hard when you're dealing with someone you like or with whom you empathize, said Shepard, â€Å"you are a manager, not Dr. Phil. Don't get involved in personal lives. † Don't stomp on your employees' rights or be disrespectful. â€Å"You don't have to be a jerk to be assertive,† he noted. A dysfunctional, authoritarian manager will be able to ge t employees to comply, but not to commit. â€Å"You want people to commit, because that's how you get your employees to give more than you ask for. † Choose your battles carefully. A smart manager knows that it's better to lose the battle, sometimes, in order to win the war,† Shepard observed. Choosing not to fight a battle you know you can't win is a sign of wisdom, not weakness. Being assertive will earn you respect, but only few know how and when to become assertive. High level executives and managers are generally very assertive. However, if they use their positions of power and authority in order to belittle, intimidate, and control those beneath them, it will cause a lot of trouble and loss of respect over the long term.Employees will begin to resent such executives and managers. Their productivity will eventually begin to fall, and if the dictatorial behavior of the executives and managers continues, it will not be long before the organization begins experiencing a high employee turnover. To avoid this problem, it is important to understand the difference between being assertive and being an autocrat. While some managers avoid dictatorial behavior in favor of being passive, this too is just as bad.The problem with passive managers is that employees often do not know what is expected of them, and they will often take the manager for granted. Employees may violate company policy while working in their department, and they will do this largely because they feel the passive manager will let them get away with it. A manager or executive who is assertive is an individual who maintains a balance between these two extremes. If you are passive or dictatorial, your behavior will have a negative impact on your career sooner or later.A manager who is assertive is an individual who can lead their employees, and they can do it without having to use a firm hand, or raise their voice. Some managers do not understand the difference between assertiveness and aggression, so they choose to be passive. But there is a critical difference between the two. An aggressive manager tends to be an individual who is quick to anger. They will usually bang their fists on the desk when an employee does something wrong, and they have no problem raising their voice or yelling at their subordinates.The aggressive manager will generally treat his employees like children. The problem with this form of behavior is that employees are not children, they are adults, and when you treat adults like children, they tend to harbor a great deal of resentment. The aggressive manager is also quick to criticize the work of his employees. If he sees something wrong with the work of his subordinate, he will be quick to point out all the negative aspects of it, as opposed to the positive aspects. In contrast, a passive manager is someone who is easy to walk over.Because he does not take things seriously, the employees will not take things seriously, and they will often d o what they want despite the company's rules and regulations. The primary reason for this is because the passive manager does not bother to enforce the rules. A passive manager will typically avoid doing anything with his employees that might cause conflict, as they do not want to disrupt the workings of their department. The ironic thing about this view is that those who try to avoid conflict the most are the individuals who are most likely to run into it.While the assertive manager is not aggressive, they make everyone understand that their rules must be followed. In conclusion, changing Alan’s way of managing and supervising shouldn’t be changed because of the way he makes himself available to his employees and thanking each employee for their contributions when the flood happened. Hi manner of managing is what makes his business what it is today. Having his clients respect and trust his provided services.References * Yukl, G. (2008). Leadership in organnizations. ( 7th ed. , pp. 259-257). Upper saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. * Exforsys Inc. (2009, January 29). Traits of an assertive manager. Retrieved from http://www. exforsys. com/career-center/assertive/traits-of-an-assertive-manager. html * Alexander Hamilton Institute. (2012, April 23). Keep employees in check through assertive management techniques. Retrieved from http://www. businessmanagementdaily. com/19465/keep-employees-in-check-through-assertive-management-techniques * HR system: The pros and cons of laid back manpower management. (2012, October 9). Retrieved from http://hrxpayroll. com/blog/hr-system-the-pros-and-cons-of-laid-back-manpower-management/ * Shannon, E. (2004, December 12). The six different types of managers and