Study on Employee Satisfaction Levels

Study on Employee comfort Levels interpolationHuman resource Development has in in advance(p) class become the focus of attention of planners polity makers and administration. It is in-chief(postnominal) not exactly for an enterprise but in interchangeable manner for a nation to develop its humans resources. Employees melody pleasure is unitary of the main atomic spot 18as of HRD.Organizations argon social systems where human resources argon the most important factors for effectiveness and efficiency. Organizations bespeak effective managers and employees to achieve their objectives. Organizations lavatorynot pull through without their personnel efforts and commitment. affair felicity is critical to retaining and attracting well-qualified personnel. This is finically an issue in medical institutions such as hospitals where superfluousist training and retention be highly importantEmployee cheat satisfaction is an spot that people suck about their phone lin es and the organizations in which they perform these commercial enterprises. Methodologically, we tramp define job satisfaction as an employees affective reaction to a job, based on a comparison between actual outcomes and desired outcomes. Job satisfaction is mainly recognized as a multifaceted construct that includes employee feelings about a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic job elements. It encompasses specific aspects of satisfaction related to pay, benefits, promotion, trifle conditions, supervision, organisational practices and traffichips with co-workers.Concerns about employee job satisfaction argon equi confuse as critical in the apparel industry as they are in some different(a) transaction sectors. Similarly, the motivation to investigate job satisfaction among wellness care employees is similar to the interest of research concerning job satisfaction in industrial settings.Numerous factors go employee job satisfaction, including salaries, fringe benefi ts, achievement, autonomy, recognition, communication, functional conditions, job sizeableness, co workers, degree of professionalism, organizational climate, interpersonal relationships, working for a reputable agency, supervisory support, positive affectivity, job security, pack flexibility, working within a team environs and genetic factors. Sources of low satisfaction are associated with working with un handy or inappropriately trained staff, trying tasks such as rollation, repetition of duties, tensions within economic consumption expectations, role ambiguity, role conflict, job/patient care, feeling overloaded, the increasing need to be available for over epoch, relations with co-workers, personal factors and organizational factorsIrvine and Evans (1995) keep besides to a demoralise place marged the importance of work characteristics (routine, autonomy and feedback), characteristics of how the work role is defined (role conflict and role ambiguity) and characteris tics of the work environment ( lead, stress, increase opportunities and participation) in relation to job satisfaction.Justification for the need to investigate job satisfaction is exemplified in the seemingly observed relationship between the levels of job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, grievance expression, tardiness, low morale and high turnover. Job satisfaction is an immediate antecedent of intention to leave the workplace and turnover. Un at ease workers get out leave their jobs more than their satisfied colleagues. Retention and turnover of staff, picky(prenominal)ly highly skilled personnel, are important issues for managers in the current health care environment. Employees who experience job satisfaction are more likely to be productive and interference on the job. Furthermore, more satisfied employees dupe more innovative activities in continuous tone approach and more participation in decision-making in organizations. Job satisfaction is also found to be positive ly-related to patient satisfaction.Among de margeinants of job satisfaction, attractionship is viewed as an important forecaster and plays a central role. leaders is a charge function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well as the process of influencing people so that they will achieve the goals of the organization. Numerous studies carried out in several countries showed that at that place is a positive correlation between leadership and the job satisfaction of health care providersOrganizational success in obtaining its goals and objectives depends on managers and their leadership genius. By using appropriate leadership styles, managers chamberpot affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity.Leadership style can be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational values, leadership interests and reliability of employees in unalike situations. It is the a bility of a leader to influence subordinates to perform at their highest capability. This factor captures the extent to which management respects workers, operates with honesty and integrity, promotes efficiency, and has open lines of communication with employees.The subject of leadership is interesting for many researchers. The continued search for life-threatening leaders has settlemented in the development of many leadership theories. Studies have been carried out to determine how leadership behaviors can be used to influence employees for improved organizational outcomes. In the past several decades, management experts have undergone a revolution in how they define leadership and their attitudes toward it. They have gone from a very virtuous autocratic approach to a very creative and participative approach. Ideas about management and leadership have changed easily in recent grades. People to sidereal day are better-educated and more articulate. They can no longer be comman ded in the same way as before. on that point needs to be much more betrothal and participation at work.There are several styles of leadership such as autocratic, bureaucratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, democratic, participative, situational, transactional, and transformational leadership. no. everyone agrees that a particular style of leadership will result in the most effective form of organizational behavior. Different styles were necessitate for distinguishable situations and each leader needed to k instantaneously when to exhibit a particular approach. No one leadership style is ideal for every situation, since a leader may have knowledge and skills to act effectively in one situation but may not emerge as effectively in a different situation. telephoner PROFILEINTRODUCTION OF ORIENT wileOrient trickery modified started in the year 1972 by Mr. Sudhir Dhingra with four employees and and then Orient art was set up in the year 1978 to orchestrate over the live busines s and has now grown to 8000 employees in seventeen factories.Orient Craft Indias No. 1 Garment Manufacturer and Exporter and is the recipient of the favorable Trophy give by Govt. of India for highest global exports out of the country for the year 1997, 1998, 2000 2001. Besides many some other export and calibre awards, Orient Craft won the highest award for being Indias larges knit apparel manufacturer and also the award for being the second largest in global exports for the year 1999. Orient Craft bagged the contract World forest commitment International Start Award in the Platinum Category for the year 2001 and Gold award for the year 2000 and won also many other awards and certificates from the Ministry of Textiles and states like on Sep 19, 2004, Won the Entrepreneur of the year 2003 from the reputable Ludhiana prudence Association.The high society is growing rapidly, year after year and has its manufacturing facilities propagate over 6000000 sq. ft. area with sevent een factories in and around Delhi. Another state of the art Manufacturing Complex, natural covering 3, 40,000 sq. ft. of covered space is completed in celestial latitude 2001. This manufacturing facility is the single largest manufacturing imbed in whole of India producing lilt and sew knits, woven sportswear, ladies formal suits and sweaters under one roof.Company has the most innovational manufacturing plants in the country with over 1, 40,000 sq/ ft. of covered area in one attitude. The ships fraternity deploys over 73000 imported secure simple machines for its manufacturing actions in Woven and Knit units. The fraternity has in- polarity lab testing for garments, stuffs, and trims. Its labs are well equipped to test for all parameters including Color-Fasteners to light. Orient Craft Limited also has several in-house latest Computerized Unit, In-house garment colour Units, Manual Sand-blasting and laser backbone-blasting units.The company has three 100% export orien ted unit thereby having the wages of importing all raw models, trims go off or duty from any part of the world. The company also has a specialized Home furnishing Division, Wherein all mild Furnishing products are manufactured and exported to some of the most self-aggrandising brands.COMPANY PROFILE OF 7D ORIENT CRAFT modified7-D, Maruti Industrial complex, Sec-18 Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon (HR)Tel 0124-2342043 to 47, 5090800, Fax 0124-2341110, 2342042Year Established 1995 vitrine of company Privately HeldOwners/Directors Mr. Sudhir DhingraMr. K. K. KohliMr. Anoop ThataiMr. Ravi DhingraMr. VikasMr. Sahil DhingraMrs. Manju DhingraAnnual Turnover F.O.B. US $ Million for 2003-2004Minimum Order Quantity 200 Dozen per StyleNo. of people busy 8500 in-house delveuction Capacities 50000 Dozen Per calendar month (Woven)50000 Dozen Per Month (Knits)Major Export Markets U.S.A. E.E.C., CanadaMajor Products BlousesSkirtsPants and shortsDressesJacketsOutwearMens ShirtsKids wear Co-ordinatesK nitted Shirts/T-ShirtsMajor Customers Dillards Stores pigeon loftGapTommy HilfigerJ-CrewLiz ClaiborneSusan BristolNext Retail Ltd.NikeDockersAnn TaylorBanana landJ. G. HookRalph LaurenJones of New YorkLevisLands EndAbarcrombie and FitchCOMPANY ENVIRONMENT OF 7D 7ACompany is situated in just about 10 acres of land. It is having a beautiful tend in front and is surrounded by various decorative plants. Interior is well facilitated for normal working conditions. Nearly 3500 people are working here. Among them most of them are very co-operative, well behaving with outsiders. Company is giving all type of facilities to its employees like transport, canteen, medical and other incentives. The unfermented HRD and labor welfare subdivision of this company on one side playing a great role by tuning every incision, to get maximum benefit to the company and on the other it is taking care of all employees and workers, it is also giving chance to new people to give their career as strong a s attainable in their reputed company.The yield part of this factory is divided into six units. Here no. of machines are more than 1000. Ground point is called basement or second unit. Here undercut, finishing, stitching are simultaneously going on. Next to 2nd, unit 1 is present where groovy, sewing as well as finishing takes place. above 1st unit third unit is there, which is also known as 100% EOU, Where only turnout is going on i.e. sewing and finishing. Above 3rd unit 4th unit is there, there also only sewing and finishing takes place. The top floor is called as 5th unit where sewing, finishing and embroidery is also going on. The last unit in 7A is called 6th unit where sewing and finishing takes place.In the present scenario of stiff competition of quality and monetary value in the international grocery, the Indian garment industry is not in the position of producing an expensive and lower quality product. Looking at the present market demand of producing inexpensive and lower quality product, Orient Craft have to increase the productivity, lower the wastages on production floor and make use of attachments, folders, special machines and equipment to have a technical quality product, in all these activities industrial engineer plays an important role. directly the industrial engineering has become the back fancy up of the garment industry.In Orient Craft Ltd., Industrial Engineering Department consist of an I.E. head, eight I.E. executives write up to Mr. Brian Long (VP Technical). Each I.E. executive is assigned the particular production floors, thus this segment is covering all the floors of 7-D, 6-C, 14-A, Home furnishing and consume department. Besides working on enhancing the productivity and quality, lowering wastages, proper utilization of resources like special machines and equipments, this department is also assigned the project like designing the floor layouts for the new production floors and to develop new production technique s to increase the productivity.RULES AND responsibility OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN ORIENT CRAFT checkSampling Re-Engineering- The work of an industrial starts with sampling re-engineering at the proto-stage so as to get to go around possible construction and the use of folders and attachments in the style.Pre-production planning- Pre-production planning starts with the receiving of a audition from the merchant of the stages of the two parts, which is to be made on the production floor. later on receiving the sample the sign operation bullet layout and new style exigency tatter is made. The purpose of making initial o/b, and layout is to know the quantity and type if manpower, machines, attachments, presses, bucks, pro loads, dies etc postulate in the style and make sealed everything is in house at the pilot stage.Target setting- After having a rough idea of manpower and machines mandatory from the initial o/b the company has to find out exactly how many machines and manpow er is needed in the style. For this 5 pieces of cutting is interpreted and time motion study of that 5 pieces with RD department using the proper method, motion and rating is done.Final operation publicise and layout- After tune and motion study the company make final operation bulletin and layout from this finally the company come to know the take of manpower and machines required to meet the targets. This operation bulletin and layout has to be cross specifyed by I.E head and then it is signed by RD head and then it is passed to production manager.Line setting- Line setting is the slaying of the layout and operation bulletin, which is done in conjunction with line in charge, supervisor, mechanic, Q.A and technician.Bottle neck identification- After line setting the next job is to know the stymy of the line due which targets are not met.Follow ups- This is one of the important job of industrial engineer, to do the follow up of machines folders attachments, dies, profiles whethe r they are in house or not before the production starts and to be in correct with pertain persons for that and to make sure everything in house before the production.Use of modern equipment- To know and develop attachments and folders, which can be used on production floors to enhance productivity and also to make sure the proper utilization of modern machines and equipment on the production floor.Projects- Besides all the above activities we are also handle projects on plant layouts, settings up of pre-assembly section etc.Reporting- This includes the reason why the targets are not met and action taken by production manager to eliminate it. This report is given to I.E head on the daily basis.INTRODUCTION OF THE timbre DEPARTMENTIts gives immense pleasure in introducing Orient Craft as one of the quality department in Hand embroidery, Adda Embroidery, Computer Embroidery, and Machine Embroidery Schiff lie Embroidery.This department has a modern and very sophisticated design whic h give a beloved quality to production to ensure consistency in quality of Garments with our embroider and in house sampling deeds.Embroidery Department has been in the forefront with other department in creating the redeeming(prenominal) quality and acceptableness. everywhere the year Embroidery Department has stepped up in the quality ladder and is today giving good quality that are increasingly finding acceptability with buyers.In the prevailing situation, the company needs all rounder, not specialist. These all are created with the patron of the existing team of the company. The team supports each other and with the help of training team gets confidence. Today, orient Craft is more comfortable in handling both quality as well as quantity.And sure, with an excellent team of people, the department is set to cruise higher altitudes in future.ROLE OF THE EMBROIDERY DEPARTMENTThis Department is now very supporting in Orient Craft Ltd. Representing the company from the last few years Embroidery department provides the resources expertise and dedication support to production, and the company employ has dedicated themselves in making an acceptability quality for Buyer.Embroidery Department has been helping to production department dramatically grow their business for the company, as a part of their commitment to being a value adding department of Orient Craft Limited.Embroidery Department has over the year acquired strong and meaty business relationship with production, Merchant Cutting department the company always been in vogue with the fashion trends.Orient Craft is now trying to underline on converting the quality to make the process, trouble free for the production department.The company is assuring the quality and total standard action with its in-house production.So now it can be said that this department is playing a very important role in Orient Craft Limited.DOCUMENT USED IN THE COMPANYMaterial Transfer Slip (MTS Book) is very important document for the maintaining the records of whichever style run in Embroidery department. all records can be maintained properly with MTS books as it is very important for the company.ROLE OF THE prognosisThe attitude of the company with the new joiner person is very supportive and cooperative with that person. To achieve the better quality and better embroidery design, the company higher officers should have better understanding of the workers need and priorities. One should be more dedicated towards their commitments of work. And this can be only achieved if the company has the right people and their processes are rank(a) and continuously optimized to achieve higher quality at lower cost.ITS FLOW CHARTStitch PiecesCutting Dept-Unstitch PiecesProd Dep Emb DepEmb Dep Issue to EmbroiderIssue to Embroider vibrating reed after Emb.Reed after Emb Quality CheckingQuality Checking CuttingProduction FinishingCENTRALIZED exquisite elbow live AT ORIENT CRAFT LIMITEDSIGNIFICANCE OF AN ORGANI ZED CUTTING ROOM-On average a garment had approximately 50%-60% of its total allocated to fabric and as yet, most manufacturing units have no quality and production system monitor the review article, facing pages and cutting of it. The sewing department on the other hand only makes up to 20%- 30% of the total cost of a garment but accounts for nearly all the monitoring and productivity costs.INTRODUCTION-Orient Craft Ltd. has centralized cutting facilities. The cutting room is feuding to all the swing floors situated in Udoyg Vihar. The company follows comprehensive production and quality procedures in cutting room.FORMATES USED IN CUTTING ROOMApproval for cutting go aheadCall out for cuttingCutter efficiency mapDaily cut planMonthly cut planCutting file checklist stuff relaxationApproval additional cuttingBundle reassure systemColor code for different shopliftingCutting RDHourly reportFusing systemCUTTING ROOM PROCEDURES IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED-Pre -production meeting is organ ized to discourse all the aspects of a style. All the concerned persons, for example merchandiser, production manager, IED, cutting manager, pattern master etc is present in this meeting, to discuss the technicalities. In the cutting department there are three cutting teams. Master unionizes a cut invest plan and after job position is received from the production manager, master gets the fabric from the fabric stores and maker from the CAD department.Most common considerations during cut order planningNo of sizes in orderNo of color in the order maximal/minimum no of sizes allowed in markerMaximum spread lengthMaximum ply efflorescence fabric cost per yardCut table fabric widthWidth variationFabric utilization reportFabric inspection reportLot cardShrinkage reportFabric having Lycra, spandex, wool blend are relaxed for 10 to 12 hours, prior to bed cover.Quality effrontery inspector conducts inspection after spreading and cutting.He checks the layer for hobby defects-After sp readingMarker placing strainMiscutNotchesBowingLeaningOthersAfter cuttingAccuracy unified the top, mid(prenominal)dle and bottom ply with patternNotches/ use holesFabric layering system-Spreader in the cutting room receives layer spreading cutting job card from the master. This document has all the detail for the spreading of each lay. From this document the spreading personnel can make sure that the quest fabric details are correct before beginning to spreadFabric typeFabric nameFabric widthShrinkageColorLot noLayer lengthNo of piecesTotal piecesQuality control of the spreading-As soon as the spreading of a lay is finished the quality bureau inspector is asked to check it before cutting can commence. The quality control inspector in the cutting room will receive the spreading and cutting report from the cutting room manager. This document has all the relevant details for the inspector, to ensure that the spreading is right.The quality assurance inspector ensures the following-Fa bricNumber of pilesLay lengthEndsTensionRemnantSplicesPatternQuality control of the marker-The quality control inspector would check the following-Correct markerRatioPattern missing pieces on the marker is quite a common enigma in cutting rooms especially if number of components in a garment is more. That is why the total no of the pattern pieces is checked. There must be no overlapping of the pattern pieces on the marker either.Once the fabric is cut there is no question of taking it back for a change or refund. All possible precautions must be taken in the cutting room to ensure that once the knife cuts into the fabric everything is correct.Quality control of cutting-After the quality assurance inspector approves the spreading, the lay is ready for cutting. The cutter can also make sure that the following marker details are correct before jump to cut the fabric.Cut numberMarker numberMarker lengthFabric spreading lengthThe cutting personnel ensure that the markers have been pl ace in the correct direction on the fabric. Areas for checking are as followsEnsure that all the edges of the marker have fabric underneath them-ends and sides.Ensures that the marker is laid unbent to the fabric and not-at an angle to the fabric. If this not controlled then it will create problems in the sewing section.Fusing system-A properly trained supervisor is appointed to check temperature, pressure and timing cycle each morning, noon, mid afternoon and at critical fabric changes. Check for consistent temperature and across fusing head. The quality control department on daily basis reviews results. Quality assurance department evaluates fusible parts for defects such as color change, surface appearance and hand feel. combine line temperatures are established using temperature papers. integrate line temperature is the temperature between the shell fabric and the fusible product at the time of fusing. Some propagation due to special finishes on the shell fabric, fusing mach ine is adjusted accordingly.Numbering system-This is probably one of the most important control points in the manufacturing process. All the components are numbered including parts of the garments that have embroidery, fusing or swoshing and other value addition. If numbering is not done, then the problems of shaded garments, incorrect sized garments and garment pieces occur. These entire problem can be avoided using number system.The company is having separates numbering tables. Once cutting is carried out, the cut parts are put on the trolley and go to the numbering table. Separate numbering tables are the ruff as they allow the cutting table to be cleared immediately after the cutting of the fabric has taken place.Stickers can be located on either the right or wrong side of the fabric depending on whether the garment will have interlining prone to it. It should be noted that if the stickers are attached to the right side of the fabric, then snickering not left on the fabric.G ARMENT PROCESSING UNIT get To work towards most moderate washes while undischarged a right balance of handwork and chemistry. Also to achieve/generate consistency of shades and restless production techniques keeping in view the requirement of our esteem clientele.Capabilities - well starting with neat rinse washes, silicon sand wash, peach hand brush on party wears, whickering coupled with Laser sand Blasting and tinting on Denims.Garment overdyes -we have to our experience, Heavy canvas Garment overdyes added with stone enzyme wash to give it a weathered look vintage Grannys garment looks are possible. We do garment over dyes on Linen, Denims, canvas, Twills and the list is being added upon every day at our RD section. Range of colors is availableOn demand, shade bands are well taken care of.For twills, we have facility to do BIOPOLISHING which added with sand wash, silicone polymer wash, gives fabulous hand feel, and a strong rumple as and how desired.Laser - The design ma de over the surface of fabric by laser grave technology are being strongly pursued by various customer of OCL this fashion is yet to Explored by masses as it is a out of date Technology. Well seeing believes and only few of special clientele of orient craft saw this machine creating designs on various denims, canvas, jersey, and especially overdyes left speechless, yet smiling.STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TRIMSReceive indent from MerchandiserEnsure that work sheet describes the complete specifications of accessories.Decide the vendor to whom order is to be displace based upon rates.Prepare the purchase order protrude the P.O. to the vendor and enter the details in purchase registerRECEIPTReceive information of worldly arrival along with bill/challanVerify the explanation and quantity of bill with relevant P.O and P.O registerVerify the quantity with billSend one piece of the accessory on the approval card to the concerned merchandiser. However, approval is not required fo r production equipments and consumablesEnter the details of consignment in store responseUpdate inception register and style sheet in fileISSUEReceive requirement of material on requisition slip and see to it authorized signaturesPrepare challan for the items to be issuedIssue the material and get acknowledgement on the challanUpdate stock register and style sheet in fileReceive the material returned from production along with style number indicated on return challanVerify that the material is not damaged. If so, indicate on challanUpdate stock registerSTORAGE PRESERVATIONKeep the spurned material in the area defined for itKeep the approved material at defined locationEnsure that adequate preventive measures are taken to safe-guard the material a donst damageLITERATURE REVIEWMEANING AND NATURE OF JOB SATISFACTIONThe term Job delight is of great relevance in the theatre of operations of human resource management. So we can define Job Satisfaction aJob Satisfaction is a set of f avorable or negative feeling which employees view in their work.Job Satisfaction is the fulfillment and gratification that comes from work. It is not the money, the benefits or the vacations. It is the good feeling one receive from doing his work itself. Anyone who works in an organization develops a set of attitude about work which is usually referred under the term job satisfaction. Like other attitudes Job Satisfaction is composed of emotional informational and behavioral elements can vary in intensity and consistency can be acquired from a variety of sources. Virtually every job can provide a level of satisfaction.Job Satisfaction comes when one accept a job for what it is and exploits the sources of satisfaction that comes with it. Many different sources of satisfaction are tied to the same job. Good feeling can come from high performance, quality work, learning new skills, working as a part of a team, assisting coworkers, and receiving compliments.Job Satisfaction is achieved daily by digging out satisfiers wherever they can be found. This is true up even if an individual is marking time until he or she gets into a better carrier area. The trick is to enjoy your present job while you prepare for a better one. Many people gain considerable satisfaction from doing ordinary jobs. They make quality time out of their working hours no exit what their assignment may be.So, from the discussion we can differentiate that job Satisfaction and different aspects of their job. It is the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. As it is generally assessed, job satisfaction is an attitudinal variable. In the part, job Satisfaction was approached by some researcher from the perspective of need fulfillment- that is whether or not the job meets the employees physical and psychological needs for the things provided by works such as pay.LEVELS OF SATISFACTIONJob Satisfaction varies. Researcher suggests, the higher the prestige o f the job, the greater the job satisfaction. But, many workers are satisfied in even the least prestigious jobs. They simply like what they do.-Most workers like their work if they have little supervision.-The list satisfied workers are those in service occupations and managers that work for others.-Ethnic and religious orientation is associated to work attitudes and Job Satisfaction is related to education.EFFECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION ON ATTITUDES OF THE EMPLOYEESThe termStudy on Employee Satisfaction LevelsStudy on Employee Satisfaction LevelsINTRODUCTIONHuman resource Development has in recent year become the focus of attention of planners policy makers and administration. It is important not only for an enterprise but also for a nation to develop its human resources. Employees Job Satisfaction is one of the main areas of HRD.Organizations are social systems where human resources are the most important factors for effectiveness and efficiency. Organizations need effective managers and employees to achieve their objectives. Organizations cannot succeed without their personnel efforts and commitment. Job satisfaction is critical to retaining and attracting well-qualified personnel. This is especially an issue in medical institutions such as hospitals where specialist training and retention are highly importantEmployee job satisfaction is an attitude that people have about their jobs and the organizations in which they perform these jobs. Methodologically, we can define job satisfaction as an employees affective reaction to a job, based on a comparison between actual outcomes and desired outcomes. Job satisfaction is generally recognized as a multifaceted construct that includes employee feelings about a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic job elements. It encompasses specific aspects of satisfaction related to pay, benefits, promotion, work conditions, supervision, organizational practices and relationships with co-workers.Concerns about employee job satis faction are just as critical in the apparel industry as they are in other business sectors. Similarly, the motivation to investigate job satisfaction among health care employees is similar to the interest of research concerning job satisfaction in industrial settings.Numerous factors influence employee job satisfaction, including salaries, fringe benefits, achievement, autonomy, recognition, communication, working conditions, job importance, co workers, degree of professionalism, organizational climate, interpersonal relationships, working for a reputable agency, supervisory support, positive affectivity, job security, workplace flexibility, working within a team environment and genetic factors. Sources of low satisfaction are associated with working with unskilled or inappropriately trained staff, laborious tasks such as documentation, repetition of duties, tensions within role expectations, role ambiguity, role conflict, job/patient care, feeling overloaded, the increasing need to be available for overtime, relations with co-workers, personal factors and organizational factorsIrvine and Evans (1995) have also underlined the importance of work characteristics (routine, autonomy and feedback), characteristics of how the work role is defined (role conflict and role ambiguity) and characteristics of the work environment (leadership, stress, advancement opportunities and participation) in relation to job satisfaction.Justification for the need to investigate job satisfaction is exemplified in the seemingly observed relationship between the levels of job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, grievance expression, tardiness, low morale and high turnover. Job satisfaction is an immediate antecedent of intention to leave the workplace and turnover. Unsatisfied workers will leave their jobs more than their satisfied colleagues. Retention and turnover of staff, particularly highly skilled personnel, are important issues for managers in the current health care environment. Empl oyees who experience job satisfaction are more likely to be productive and stay on the job. Furthermore, more satisfied employees have more innovative activities in continuous quality improvement and more participation in decision-making in organizations. Job satisfaction is also found to be positively-related to patient satisfaction.Among determinants of job satisfaction, leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. Leadership is a management function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well as the process of influencing people so that they will achieve the goals of the organization. Numerous studies carried out in several countries showed that there is a positive correlation between leadership and the job satisfaction of health care providersOrganizational success in obtaining its goals and objectives depends on managers and their leadership style. By using appropriate leadership styles, managers can affect employee job s atisfaction, commitment and productivity.Leadership style can be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational values, leadership interests and reliability of employees in different situations. It is the ability of a leader to influence subordinates to performing at their highest capability. This factor captures the extent to which management respects workers, operates with honesty and integrity, promotes efficiency, and has open lines of communication with employees.The subject of leadership is interesting for many researchers. The continued search for good leaders has resulted in the development of many leadership theories. Studies have been carried out to determine how leadership behaviors can be used to influence employees for improved organizational outcomes. In the past several decades, management experts have undergone a revolution in how they define leadership and their attitudes toward it. They have gone from a very classical autocratic approach to a very creative and participative approach. Ideas about management and leadership have changed considerably in recent years. People today are better-educated and more articulate. They can no longer be commanded in the same way as before. There needs to be much more involvement and participation at work.There are several styles of leadership such as autocratic, bureaucratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, democratic, participative, situational, transactional, and transformational leadership. Not everyone agrees that a particular style of leadership will result in the most effective form of organizational behavior. Different styles were needed for different situations and each leader needed to know when to exhibit a particular approach. No one leadership style is ideal for every situation, since a leader may have knowledge and skills to act effectively in one situation but may not emerge as effectively in a different situation.COMPANY PRO FILEINTRODUCTION OF ORIENT CRAFTOrient Craft Limited started in the year 1972 by Mr. Sudhir Dhingra with four employees and then Orient Craft was set up in the year 1978 to take over the existing business and has now grown to 8000 employees in seventeen factories.Orient Craft Indias No. 1 Garment Manufacturer and Exporter and is the recipient of the Gold Trophy given by Govt. of India for highest global exports out of the country for the year 1997, 1998, 2000 2001. Besides many other export and quality awards, Orient Craft won the highest award for being Indias larges knit apparel manufacturer and also the award for being the second largest in global exports for the year 1999. Orient Craft bagged the Bid World Quality commitment International Start Award in the Platinum Category for the year 2001 and Gold award for the year 2000 and won also many other awards and certificates from the Ministry of Textiles and states like on Sep 19, 2004, Won the Entrepreneur of the year 2003 from t he prestigious Ludhiana Management Association.The company is growing rapidly, year after year and has its manufacturing facilities spread over 6000000 sq. ft. area with seventeen factories in and around Delhi. Another state of the art Manufacturing Complex, covering 3, 40,000 sq. ft. of covered space is completed in December 2001. This manufacturing facility is the single largest manufacturing plant in whole of India producing cut and sew knits, woven sportswear, ladies formal suits and sweaters under one roof.Company has the most modern manufacturing plants in the country with over 1, 40,000 sq/ ft. of covered area in one location. The company deploys over 73000 imported sewing machines for its manufacturing operations in Woven and Knit units. The company has in-house lab testing for garments, fabrics, and trims. Its labs are well equipped to test for all parameters including Color-Fasteners to light. Orient Craft Limited also has several in-house latest Computerized Unit, In-hous e garment Dyeing Units, Manual Sand-blasting and laser sand-blasting units.The company has three 100% export oriented unit thereby having the advantage of importing all raw materials, trims free or duty from any part of the world. The company also has a specialized Home furnishing Division, Wherein all Soft Furnishing products are manufactured and exported to some of the most prominent brands.COMPANY PROFILE OF 7D ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED7-D, Maruti Industrial complex, Sec-18 Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon (HR)Tel 0124-2342043 to 47, 5090800, Fax 0124-2341110, 2342042Year Established 1995Type of company Privately HeldOwners/Directors Mr. Sudhir DhingraMr. K. K. KohliMr. Anoop ThataiMr. Ravi DhingraMr. VikasMr. Sahil DhingraMrs. Manju DhingraAnnual Turnover F.O.B. US $ Million for 2003-2004Minimum Order Quantity 200 Dozen per StyleNo. of people Employed 8500 in-houseProduction Capacities 50000 Dozen Per Month (Woven)50000 Dozen Per Month (Knits)Major Export Markets U.S.A. E.E.C., CanadaMajor Pr oducts BlousesSkirtsPants and shortsDressesJacketsOutwearMens ShirtsKids wear Co-ordinatesKnitted Shirts/T-ShirtsMajor Customers Dillards StoresLoftGapTommy HilfigerJ-CrewLiz ClaiborneSusan BristolNext Retail Ltd.NikeDockersAnn TaylorBanana RepublicJ. G. HookRalph LaurenJones of New YorkLevisLands EndAbarcrombie and FitchCOMPANY ENVIRONMENT OF 7D 7ACompany is situated in approximately 10 acres of land. It is having a beautiful garden in front and is surrounded by various decorative plants. Interior is well facilitated for normal working conditions. Nearly 3500 people are working here. Among them most of them are very co-operative, well behaving with outsiders. Company is giving all type of facilities to its employees like transport, canteen, medical and other incentives. The new HRD and labor welfare department of this company on one side playing a great role by tuning every department, to get maximum benefit to the company and on the other it is taking care of all employees and wo rkers, it is also giving chance to new people to build their career as strong as possible in their reputed company.The production part of this factory is divided into six units. Here no. of machines are more than 1000. Ground floor is called basement or 2nd unit. Here cutting, finishing, sewing are simultaneously going on. Next to 2nd, unit 1 is present where cutting, sewing as well as finishing takes place. Above 1st unit 3rd unit is there, which is also known as 100% EOU, Where only production is going on i.e. sewing and finishing. Above 3rd unit 4th unit is there, there also only sewing and finishing takes place. The top floor is called as 5th unit where sewing, finishing and embroidery is also going on. The last unit in 7A is called 6th unit where sewing and finishing takes place.In the present scenario of stiff competition of quality and price in the international market, the Indian garment industry is not in the position of producing an expensive and lower quality product. Loo king at the present market demand of producing inexpensive and lower quality product, Orient Craft have to increase the productivity, lower the wastages on production floor and make use of attachments, folders, special machines and equipment to have a good quality product, in all these activities industrial engineer plays an important role. Today the industrial engineering has become the back bone of the garment industry.In Orient Craft Ltd., Industrial Engineering Department consist of an I.E. head, eight I.E. executives reporting to Mr. Brian Long (VP Technical). Each I.E. executive is assigned the particular production floors, thus this department is covering all the floors of 7-D, 6-C, 14-A, Home furnishing and sampling department. Besides working on enhancing the productivity and quality, lowering wastages, proper utilization of resources like special machines and equipments, this department is also assigned the project like designing the floor layouts for the new production fl oors and to develop new production techniques to increase the productivity.RULES AND RESPONSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITEDSampling Re-Engineering- The work of an industrial starts with sampling re-engineering at the proto-stage so as to get to best possible construction and the use of folders and attachments in the style.Pre-production planning- Pre-production planning starts with the receiving of a sample from the merchant of the stages of the two pieces, which is to be made on the production floor. After receiving the sample the initial operation bullet layout and new style requirement sheet is made. The purpose of making initial o/b, and layout is to know the quantity and type if manpower, machines, attachments, presses, bucks, profiles, dies etc required in the style and make sure everything is in house at the pilot stage.Target setting- After having a rough idea of manpower and machines required from the initial o/b the company has to find out exactly ho w many machines and manpower is needed in the style. For this 5 pieces of cutting is taken and time motion study of that 5 pieces with RD department using the proper method, motion and rating is done.Final operation bulletin and layout- After tune and motion study the company make final operation bulletin and layout from this finally the company come to know the number of manpower and machines required to meet the targets. This operation bulletin and layout has to be cross checked by I.E head and then it is signed by RD head and then it is passed to production manager.Line setting- Line setting is the implementation of the layout and operation bulletin, which is done in conjunction with line in charge, supervisor, mechanic, Q.A and technician.Bottle neck identification- After line setting the next job is to know the bottleneck of the line due which targets are not met.Follow ups- This is one of the important job of industrial engineer, to do the follow up of machines folders attachm ents, dies, profiles whether they are in house or not before the production starts and to be in correct with concerned persons for that and to make sure everything in house before the production.Use of modern equipment- To know and develop attachments and folders, which can be used on production floors to enhance productivity and also to make sure the proper utilization of modern machines and equipment on the production floor.Projects- Besides all the above activities we are also handle projects on plant layouts, settings up of pre-assembly section etc.Reporting- This includes the reason why the targets are not met and action taken by production manager to eliminate it. This report is given to I.E head on the daily basis.INTRODUCTION OF THE QUALITY DEPARTMENTIts gives immense pleasure in introducing Orient Craft as one of the quality department in Hand Embroidery, Adda Embroidery, Computer Embroidery, and Machine Embroidery Schiff lie Embroidery.This department has a modern and ver y sophisticated design which give a good quality to production to ensure consistency in quality of Garments with our embroider and in house sampling works.Embroidery Department has been in the forefront with other department in creating the good quality and acceptability. Over the year Embroidery Department has stepped up in the quality ladder and is today giving good quality that are increasingly finding acceptability with buyers.In the prevailing situation, the company needs all rounder, not specialist. These all are created with the help of the existing team of the company. The team supports each other and with the help of training team gets confidence. Today, orient Craft is more comfortable in handling both quality as well as quantity.And sure, with an excellent team of people, the department is set to cruise higher altitudes in future.ROLE OF THE EMBROIDERY DEPARTMENTThis Department is now very supporting in Orient Craft Ltd. Representing the company from the last few years Em broidery department provides the resources expertise and dedication support to production, and the company employ has dedicated themselves in making an acceptability quality for Buyer.Embroidery Department has been helping to production department dramatically grow their business for the company, as a part of their commitment to being a value adding department of Orient Craft Limited.Embroidery Department has over the year acquired strong and meaningful business relationship with production, Merchant Cutting department the company always been in vogue with the fashion trends.Orient Craft is now trying to emphasize on converting the quality to make the process, trouble free for the production department.The company is assuring the quality and total standard action with its in-house production.So now it can be said that this department is playing a very important role in Orient Craft Limited.DOCUMENT USED IN THE COMPANYMaterial Transfer Slip (MTS Book) is very important document for the maintaining the records of whichever style run in Embroidery department. All records can be maintained properly with MTS books as it is very important for the company.ROLE OF THE CANDIDATEThe attitude of the company with the new joiner person is very supportive and cooperative with that person. To achieve the better quality and better embroidery design, the company higher officers should have better understanding of the workers need and priorities. One should be more dedicated towards their commitments of work. And this can be only achieved if the company has the right people and their processes are transparent and continuously optimized to achieve higher quality at lower cost.ITS FLOW CHARTStitch PiecesCutting Dept-Unstitch PiecesProd Dep Emb DepEmb Dep Issue to EmbroiderIssue to Embroider Reed after Emb.Reed after Emb Quality CheckingQuality Checking CuttingProduction FinishingCENTRALIZED CUTTING ROOM AT ORIENT CRAFT LIMITEDSIGNIFICANCE OF AN ORGANIZED CUTTING ROOM-On average a garment had approximately 50%-60% of its total allocated to fabric and yet, most manufacturing units have no quality and production system monitor the inspection, spreading and cutting of it. The sewing department on the other hand only makes up to 20%- 30% of the total cost of a garment but accounts for nearly all the monitoring and productivity costs.INTRODUCTION-Orient Craft Ltd. has centralized cutting facilities. The cutting room is feuding to all the swing floors situated in Udoyg Vihar. The company follows comprehensive production and quality procedures in cutting room.FORMATES USED IN CUTTING ROOMApproval for cutting go aheadCall out for cuttingCutter efficiency chartDaily cut planMonthly cut planCutting file checklistFabric relaxationApproval additional cuttingBundle control systemColor code for different shrinkageCutting RDHourly reportFusing systemCUTTING ROOM PROCEDURES IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED-Pre -production meeting is organized to discuss all the aspects of a style. All the concerned persons, for example merchandiser, production manager, IED, cutting manager, pattern master etc is present in this meeting, to discuss the technicalities. In the cutting department there are three cutting teams. Master prepares a cut order plan and after job order is received from the production manager, master gets the fabric from the fabric stores and maker from the CAD department.Most common considerations during cut order planningNo of sizes in orderNo of color in the orderMaximum/minimum no of sizes allowed in markerMaximum spread lengthMaximum ply heightFabric cost per yardCut table fabric widthWidth variationFabric utilization reportFabric inspection reportLot cardShrinkage reportFabric having Lycra, spandex, wool blend are relaxed for 10 to 12 hours, prior to spreading.Quality assurance inspector conducts inspection after spreading and cutting.He checks the layer for following defects-After spreadingMarker placingTensionMiscutNotchesBowingLeaningOthersAft er cuttingAccuracyMatching the top, middle and bottom ply with patternNotches/drill holesFabric layering system-Spreader in the cutting room receives layer spreading cutting job card from the master. This document has all the details for the spreading of each lay. From this document the spreading personnel can make sure that the following fabric details are correct before beginning to spreadFabric typeFabric nameFabric widthShrinkageColorLot noLayer lengthNo of piecesTotal piecesQuality control of the spreading-As soon as the spreading of a lay is finished the quality assurance inspector is asked to check it before cutting can commence. The quality control inspector in the cutting room will receive the spreading and cutting report from the cutting room manager. This document has all the relevant details for the inspector, to ensure that the spreading is right.The quality assurance inspector ensures the following-FabricNumber of pilesLay lengthEndsTensionRemnantSplicesPatternQuality control of the marker-The quality control inspector would check the following-Correct markerRatioPatternMissing pieces on the marker is quite a common problem in cutting rooms especially if number of components in a garment is more. That is why the total no of the pattern pieces is checked. There must be no overlapping of the pattern pieces on the marker either.Once the fabric is cut there is no question of taking it back for a change or refund. All possible precautions must be taken in the cutting room to ensure that once the knife cuts into the fabric everything is correct.Quality control of cutting-After the quality assurance inspector approves the spreading, the lay is ready for cutting. The cutter can also make sure that the following marker details are correct before starting to cut the fabric.Cut numberMarker numberMarker lengthFabric spreading lengthThe cutting personnel ensure that the markers have been placed in the correct direction on the fabric. Areas for checking are a s followsEnsure that all the edges of the marker have fabric underneath them-ends and sides.Ensures that the marker is laid square to the fabric and not-at an angle to the fabric. If this not controlled then it will create problems in the sewing section.Fusing system-A properly trained supervisor is appointed to check temperature, pressure and timing cycle each morning, noon, mid afternoon and at critical fabric changes. Check for consistent temperature and across fusing head. The quality control department on daily basis reviews results. Quality assurance department evaluates fusible parts for defects such as color change, surface appearance and hand feel. Fuse line temperatures are established using temperature papers. Fuse line temperature is the temperature between the shell fabric and the fusible product at the time of fusing. Some times due to special finishes on the shell fabric, fusing machine is adjusted accordingly.Numbering system-This is probably one of the most importan t control points in the manufacturing process. All the components are numbered including parts of the garments that have embroidery, fusing or backwash and other value addition. If numbering is not done, then the problems of shaded garments, incorrect sized garments and garment pieces occur. These entire problem can be avoided using number system.The company is having separates numbering tables. Once cutting is carried out, the cut parts are put on the trolley and moved to the numbering table. Separate numbering tables are the best as they allow the cutting table to be cleared immediately after the cutting of the fabric has taken place.Stickers can be located on either the right or wrong side of the fabric depending on whether the garment will have interlining attached to it. It should be noted that if the stickers are attached to the right side of the fabric, then snickering not left on the fabric.GARMENT PROCESSING UNITAim To work towards most moderate washes while striking a rig ht balance of handwork and chemistry. Also to achieve/generate consistency of shades and quick production techniques keeping in view the requirement of our esteem clientele.Capabilities - well starting with neat rinse washes, silicon sand wash, peach hand brushing on party wears, whickering coupled with Laser sand Blasting and tinting on Denims.Garment overdyes -we have to our experience, Heavy canvas Garment overdyes added with stone enzyme wash to give it a weathered look vintage Grannys garment looks are possible. We do garment over dyes on Linen, Denims, canvas, Twills and the list is being added upon every day at our RD section. Range of colors is availableOn demand, shade bands are well taken care of.For twills, we have facility to do BIOPOLISHING which added with sand wash, silicone wash, gives fabulous hand feel, and a strong crisp as and how desired.Laser - The design made over the surface of fabric by laser engraving technology are being strongly pursued by various custom er of OCL this fashion is yet to Explored by masses as it is a Rare Technology. Well seeing believes and only few of special clientele of orient craft saw this machine creating designs on various denims, canvas, jersey, and especially overdyes left speechless, yet smiling.STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TRIMSReceive Indent from MerchandiserEnsure that work sheet describes the complete specifications of accessories.Decide the vendor to whom order is to be placed based upon rates.Prepare the purchase orderPlace the P.O. to the vendor and enter the details in purchase registerRECEIPTReceive information of material arrival along with bill/challanVerify the description and quantity of bill with relevant P.O and P.O registerVerify the quantity with billSend one piece of the accessory on the approval card to the concerned merchandiser. However, approval is not required for production equipments and consumablesEnter the details of consignment in store receiptUpdate stock register and style sheet in fileISSUEReceive requirement of material on requisition slip and verify authorized signaturesPrepare challan for the items to be issuedIssue the material and get acknowledgement on the challanUpdate stock register and style sheet in fileReceive the material returned from production along with style number indicated on return challanVerify that the material is not damaged. If so, indicate on challanUpdate stock registerSTORAGE PRESERVATIONKeep the rejected material in the area defined for itKeep the approved material at defined locationEnsure that adequate preventive measures are taken to safe-guard the material against damageLITERATURE REVIEWMEANING AND NATURE OF JOB SATISFACTIONThe term Job Satisfaction is of great relevance in the field of human resource management. So we can define Job Satisfaction aJob Satisfaction is a set of favorable or unfavorable feeling which employees view in their work.Job Satisfaction is the fulfillment and gratification that comes from work. It is not the money, the benefits or the vacations. It is the good feeling one receive from doing his work itself. Anyone who works in an organization develops a set of attitude about work which is usually referred under the term job satisfaction. Like other attitudes Job Satisfaction is composed of emotional informational and behavioral elements can vary in intensity and consistency can be acquired from a variety of sources. Virtually every job can provide a level of satisfaction.Job Satisfaction comes when one accept a job for what it is and exploits the sources of satisfaction that comes with it. Many different sources of satisfaction are tied to the same job. Good feeling can come from high performance, quality work, learning new skills, working as a part of a team, assisting coworkers, and receiving compliments.Job Satisfaction is achieved daily by digging out satisfiers wherever they can be found. This is true even if an individual is marking time until he or she gets into a better carrier area. The trick is to enjoy your present job while you prepare for a better one. Many people gain considerable satisfaction from doing ordinary jobs. They make quality time out of their working hours no matter what their assignment may be.So, from the discussion we can say that job Satisfaction and different aspects of their job. It is the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. As it is generally assessed, job satisfaction is an attitudinal variable. In the part, job Satisfaction was approached by some researcher from the perspective of need fulfillment- that is whether or not the job meets the employees physical and psychological needs for the things provided by works such as pay.LEVELS OF SATISFACTIONJob Satisfaction varies. Researcher suggests, the higher the prestige of the job, the greater the job satisfaction. But, many workers are satisfied in even the least prestigious jobs. They simply like what they do.-Most worke rs like their work if they have little supervision.-The list satisfied workers are those in service occupations and managers that work for others.-Ethnic and religious orientation is associated to work attitudes and Job Satisfaction is related to education.EFFECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION ON ATTITUDES OF THE EMPLOYEESThe term